12 research outputs found
Viral enteric infections of turkey poults
No full textID: IND85024786; Accession Number: IND85024786 Pagination: p. 59-60. Identifiers: viral diseases Publicaton Type: Journal Article Language(s): English Coden: MXMRA Category Codes: Animal Diseases (Viral) Subset: Indexing Branch - NAL NAL Call Number: S1.M52 Update Code: 00000000Source type: Electronic(1
Simultaneous measurement of wall shear stress and arterial distension in FMD studies
No full textAbstract
In Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) studies, blood flow in the brachial artery is restricted for about 5 minutes by a cuff. When the restriction is removed, the subsequent increase in wall shear rate (WSR) stimulates the release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator, from the endothelial cells into the smooth muscle. Impaired FMD responses, which are considered independent predictors of possible cardiovascular events, should be reliably detected. While several efforts have been so far dedicated to measure the diameter change, the source of this change, i.e., the WSR increase, has not been measured so far. In this paper, first results of the simultaneous measurement of WSR and diameter performed during FMD studies in the brachial arteries of 15 volunteers are reported. All measurements were obtained through the ULtrasound Advanced Open Platform (ULA-OP). © 2010 IEEE.
Author keywords
arterial diameter measurement; Doppler; Flow-mediated dilation; wall distension; wall shear rate
Indexed Keywords
Arterial diameter; Doppler; Flow-mediated dilation; wall distension; Wall shear rates
Engineering controlled terms: Endothelial cells; Nitric oxide; Shear deformation; Ultrasonics
Engineering main heading: Shear flow
ISSN: 10510117 ISBN: 978-145770382-9 CODEN: PIEUESource Type: Conference Proceeding Original language: English
DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935468Document Type: Conference Paper
Sponsors: IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and,Frequency Control Society (UFFC
The developmental pathways of senior international soccer players : A 13-year analysis of the career trajectories of the Swedish men’s senior international team
No full textThis study explored the developmental pathways of all players (n = 313) who represented the Swedish men’s senior international team between 2011 and 2023 (n = 118) and/or the U21 international team between 2011–2022. We also examined at which respective level each player’s youth club was ranked (i.e., premier, second, or third division club, or international academy) and the age at which they were first present in that club environment. Of the 118 senior international players, 34% were selected at U15–U16, 33% were selected at U17–U18, and 33% were selected at U21 or the senior international level. Later selected (U21 and senior) players had a later senior international debut than early selected (U15–U16) players (-2.5 years, 95% CI [-4.0, -1.0 years]). Later selected players also made their senior club debut later than those selected at the U17–U18 (-1.3 years, 95% CI [-2.0, -0.5 years]) and U15–U16 (-1.9 years, 95% CI [-2.6, -1.1 years]) international level. While the majority (60%) of senior international team players entered a premier division club at some point during their junior years, players from lower clubs were overrepresented among the players who reached the senior international team without previous international team experience and made a later debut in the senior international team. We conclude that senior international players have different career trajectories and that this should be accommodated by providing structures that allow players to progress into, and out of, different development environments that best suit their individual needs as they progress to the senior level. CC BY 4.0© 2025 Sweeney et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Published: March 4, 2025Correspondence Address: T.R. Lundberg; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; email: [email protected]; CODEN: POLNCThe author(s) received no specific funding for this work.</p
Software accompanying the manuscript: Predicting Severity of C. difficile Infections from the Taxonomic Composition of the Gut Microbiome
No full textThis version is included as a chapter in my dissertation
Numerical modelling of the aluminium extrusion process
No full textThe extrusion of aluminium alloys involves the shaping of the product from an homogenised billet into a complex shape. In addition the properties of the extrudate are
closely related to the processing parameters (temperature, stain rate, and material morphology). Since all the parameters vary throughout the ram stroke and throughout the billet the prediction of the condition of the extrudate is complex. In this study the analysis is accomplished by the use of finite element analysis coupled with sub-illodelling of the structural features. The study is extended to include the lieat-treatment process necessary
for precipitation hardened alloys subsequent to the process. The author has published these results in a number of learned journals and these are given in Appendix.
After a concise introduction and crirical literature review chapter3 analyses the basic operation of the finite element package(FEM) discussing the procedures involved, the
equilibrium equations and the more practical aspect of the mesh morphology and size. Finite Element analysis and material structural models have been integrated using parallel processing technology and program sub-routines. In this section the external inputs are also defined paying particular attention to the friction conditions and the constitutive equations. The thesis then proceeds to describe and analyse the integrated modelling of the process necessary to introduce the user introduction of the equations necessary to produce a comprehensive analysis of the material structural problems. This includes the cellular automata teclu-iiques. Various complex extrusion geometries are analysed and the effects of scaling considered. Development of the extrudate surface and criteria for ptedicting this important feature are
coinprehebsivcly covered in chapter 5 whilst chapter 6 considers some special technologies such as the use of pockets to obtain homogenous structures. Isothermal extrusion is also included in this section
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model—a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates—with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. Findings: The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2–100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1–290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1–211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4–48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3–37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7–9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. Interpretation: Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseArticle; Export Date: 25 April 2025; Cited By: 574; Correspondence Address: S.I. Hay; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States; email: [email protected]; CODEN: LANCA</p
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios. Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10–54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in habitable areas, and under-5 mortality) were given equal weights, and analyses were conducted utilising the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. To capture time-series trends in CCF50 not explained by these covariates, we used a first-order autoregressive model on the residual term. CCF50 as a proportion of each 5-year ASFR was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects covariates (female educational attainment and contraceptive met need) and random intercepts for geographical regions. Projected TFRs were then computed for each calendar year as the sum of single-year ASFRs across age groups. The reference forecast is our estimate of the most likely fertility future given the model, past fertility, forecasts of covariates, and historical relationships between covariates and fertility. We additionally produced forecasts for multiple alternative scenarios in each location: the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education is achieved by 2030; the contraceptive met need SDG is achieved by 2030; pro-natal policies are enacted to create supportive environments for those who give birth; and the previous three scenarios combined. Uncertainty from past data inputs and model estimation was propagated throughout analyses by taking 1000 draws for past and present fertility estimates and 500 draws for future forecasts from the estimated distribution for each metric, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) given as the 2·5 and 97·5 percentiles of the draws. To evaluate the forecasting performance of our model and others, we computed skill values—a metric assessing gain in forecasting accuracy—by comparing predicted versus observed ASFRs from the past 15 years (2007–21). A positive skill metric indicates that the model being evaluated performs better than the baseline model (here, a simplified model holding 2007 values constant in the future), and a negative metric indicates that the evaluated model performs worse than baseline. Findings: During the period from 1950 to 2021, global TFR more than halved, from 4·84 (95% UI 4·63–5·06) to 2·23 (2·09–2·38). Global annual livebirths peaked in 2016 at 142 million (95% UI 137–147), declining to 129 million (121–138) in 2021. Fertility rates declined in all countries and territories since 1950, with TFR remaining above 2·1—canonically considered replacement-level fertility—in 94 (46·1%) countries and territories in 2021. This included 44 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which was the super-region with the largest share of livebirths in 2021 (29·2% [28·7–29·6]). 47 countries and territories in which lowest estimated fertility between 1950 and 2021 was below replacement experienced one or more subsequent years with higher fertility; only three of these locations rebounded above replacement levels. Future fertility rates were projected to continue to decline worldwide, reaching a global TFR of 1·83 (1·59–2·08) in 2050 and 1·59 (1·25–1·96) in 2100 under the reference scenario. The number of countries and territories with fertility rates remaining above replacement was forecast to be 49 (24·0%) in 2050 and only six (2·9%) in 2100, with three of these six countries included in the 2021 World Bank-defined low-income group, all located in the GBD super-region of sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of livebirths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to increase to more than half of the world's livebirths in 2100, to 41·3% (39·6–43·1) in 2050 and 54·3% (47·1–59·5) in 2100. The share of livebirths was projected to decline between 2021 and 2100 in most of the six other super-regions—decreasing, for example, in south Asia from 24·8% (23·7–25·8) in 2021 to 16·7% (14·3–19·1) in 2050 and 7·1% (4·4–10·1) in 2100—but was forecast to increase modestly in the north Africa and Middle East and high-income super-regions. Forecast estimates for the alternative combined scenario suggest that meeting SDG targets for education and contraceptive met need, as well as implementing pro-natal policies, would result in global TFRs of 1·65 (1·40–1·92) in 2050 and 1·62 (1·35–1·95) in 2100. The forecasting skill metric values for the IHME model were positive across all age groups, indicating that the model is better than the constant prediction. Interpretation: Fertility is declining globally, with rates in more than half of all countries and territories in 2021 below replacement level. Trends since 2000 show considerable heterogeneity in the steepness of declines, and only a small number of countries experienced even a slight fertility rebound after their lowest observed rate, with none reaching replacement level. Additionally, the distribution of livebirths across the globe is shifting, with a greater proportion occurring in the lowest-income countries. Future fertility rates will continue to decline worldwide and will remain low even under successful implementation of pro-natal policies. These changes will have far-reaching economic and societal consequences due to ageing populations and declining workforces in higher-income countries, combined with an increasing share of livebirths among the already poorest regions of the world. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseArticle; Export Date: 25 April 2025; Cited By: 126; Correspondence Address: S.I. Hay; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States; email: [email protected]; CODEN: LANCA</p
A vital sustainable means for community empowerment
No full textDynamic changes in the present day quality of life and quality of environment are greatly influenced by the space sciences and technology. Notwithstanding the dual use of space technology the irreversible impacts on health, resources and ecology for each abuse of finite resources are alarming. Over two decades of development reviewed by UN Systems during 1970-90s reveal that Participation is the key to Sustainability at Community Levels. Space vision of a stewardship for the present generation to sustain a healthy and safe Space ship are challenging (UNCED.1992). The next two decades after Rio'92 have also provided ample break through Space Education Out Reach activities all over the globe. Few such are Bharath Jana Vigyaan Jatha Indian People Science March ( 1987), Earth Day Network(1972) and Clean Up the World(2000) Campaigns to name a few and thousands of Community Empowerment Models which have started providing the Tunnel Effect as a societal catalyst. Thus, these living through role eco literacy models enrich and add value to the Space Education and Outreach initiatives.. Space Eco Literacy Model (Jagannatha, COSPAR 2012) provides one such simple Space Education Tool for empowering community for sustainable Development. UNESCO/UNEP/IEEP 1977 Tbilisi conference provided historical mandates for nations to embark on formal and informal environmental education. Objectives of Environmental Education for individuals and community as awareness, attitude, knowledge, skills and participation have lived through the Rio Earth Summit-1992.Pro- Active role of nations are vital to address and show case compliance to United Nations mandates. Public outreach activities need to be networked with various diversified activities aimed at space eco-literacy both at Individual and Community Levels. An EESS Ecological Environmental Studies by Students model developed in 1987 is one such Eco education Model which was cited as one of the 20 Best Eco Education Models.(Earth Day Network, 2000).In this presentation, genesis and process of development of EESS, 1987 and Space Eco-literacy, 2011 models in the backdrop of People Science Movement in India with over 35 years is captured from the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) point of view. A community eco literacy drive during 2000-2010 on the banks of Kukkarahally lake, Mysore, India for over 320 Sundays with 4500 man-hours 300 volunteers including all the authors provided the backdrop for Space Eco Literacy Campaign.. Later the effort culminated in to a Sunday Space Eco Literacy model which was developed during April-June 2011 and are discussed.. Copyright ©2013 by the International Astronautical Federation., keywords=Ecology; Education; Education computing; Spacecraft; Sustainable development, Community empowerments; Dynamic changes; Environmental education; Environmental studies; Public outreaches; Quality of life; Space situational awareness; Space technologies, Earth (planet), references=(2000) Earth Day Network, , www.earthday.org, EESS Model; (1977) UNEP/UNESCO/IEEP; (1987) National Council for Science & Technology, , www.ncstc-network.org, DST, Gol; Dhawan, S., (1989) Star Wars ISRO Bangalore; Williamson, R., (2011) Space Security Foundation, , www.spacesecurity.org, UniSA, ISU; (1966) First Photo of Earth from Moon, , www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery; (1987) National Council for Science & Technology, , www.ncstc-network.org, DST, Gol; (2004) Year of Scientific Awareness, , www.oocities.org/ysa2004/, DST, Gol; (2011) Path Ways to Progress, , www.unisa.edu.au/itee/spaceprogram/2011-whitepaper.asp; (2011) Space Eco Literacy Campaign, , http://spaceecoliteracymysore.blogspot.com, correspondenceaddress1=Venkataramaiah, J.; Civil Engineering Department, ISTRAC Indian Space Research Organization, Bangalore University, Panya Sadana 173, 3rd A Main D Block, 3rd Stage Vijaya Nagar, Mysore 570 023, India; email: [email protected], sponsors=, publisher=International Astronautical Federation, IAF, address=Beijing, issn=00741795, isbn=9781629939094, language=English, abbrevsourcetitle=Proc. Int. Astronaut. Congr., IAC, documenttype=Conference Paper, source=Scopus, @CONFERENCEChowdappa2013135, author=Chowdappa, N.a and Usha Devi, L.b and Ramasesh, C.P.c , title=Use pattern of archives on the history of mysore, journal=GL-Conference Series: Conference Proceedings, year=2013, pages=135-138, note=cited By 0; Conference of 14th International Conference on Grey Literature: Tracking Innovation Through Grey Literature, GL 2012 ; Conference Date: 29 November 2012 Through 30 November 2012; Conference Code:111200, url=http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84924185057&partnerID=40&md5=a04d8e561af552ea04f0fbc17ac822bc, affiliation=BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; Bangalore University, Bangalore, India; University of Mysore, Mysore, India, abstract=Records on the Administration of the Princely State of Mysore and Mysore History form rare collections for historians who venture to study the history of Mysore State under the rule of the Wadiyars, the rulers of Mysore State. These rare materials and archives have been carefully preserved at the Archival Section of the University of Mysore and also at other libraries in Mysore city. The present study furnishes the type of archival materials available at the University Library, Oriental Research Institute and the Karnataka State Archives, Mysore Division. Further, the study depicts the purposes of accessing archives and the use pattern of these rare archival sources on Mysore history by the research scholars, students and teachers in the discipline of Karnataka/Mysore History and allied fields. The present study also projects the extent of dependency of scholars from various professional fields, for information sources on Mysore History. The study also projects the rare collections of manuscripts and books of Tipu's Library., authorkeywords=Administrative records; Archives; Mysore history; Mysore history; Mysore state; Tipu's library collection; Wadiyars, keywords=Libraries; Teaching, Administrative records; Archives; Library collections; Mysore state; Wadiyars, History, references=Rukminamma, P., (2012) Mysore University Library: Evaluation of Facilities and Services, , Tamil Nadu, Alagappa University (M. Phil., dissertation); Seifi, L., Ramasesh, C.P., (2012) Digital and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Collection Among Libraries of India and Iran, , Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing; Ramasesh, C.P., (1995) Record of 75 Years of Mysore University Library, pp. 2-5. , March of Karnataka. Feb. 1995; Stuvert, G., (1809) Tipu's Library, , London, Cambridge University Press; Ramasesh, C.P., (2009) Mysore: A Brief Note on its Culture, pp. 26-28. , Silver Unifest, University of Mysore; Ramasesh, C.P., Saga of library resource sharing in mysore city (2002) National Conference on Consortia Approach for Content Sharing, pp. 185-206. , Mangalore University, sponsors=EBSCO Publishing; et al.; Library of Congress, Federal Library Information Network (FEDLINK); National Research Council (CNR), Central Library "Guglielmo Marconi"; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Information Science and Technologies (ISTI); National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS), publisher=TextRelease, issn=13862316, isbn=9789077484203, language=English, abbrevsourcetitle=GL-Conf. Series: Conf. Proc., documenttype=Conference Paper, source=Scopus, @ARTICLEDatta2013303, author=Datta, B. and Pasha, M.A., title=Silica chloride catalyzed efficient route to novel 1-amidoalkyl-2- naphthylamines under sonic condition in water, journal=Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, year=2013, volume=20, number=1, pages=303-307, doi=10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.06.008, note=cited By 8, url=http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84867742556&partnerID=40&md5=b7269a8b6cab8f0d007b12461f14e035, affiliation=Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bengaluru, India, abstract=A one-pot three-component condensation of an aldehyde, 2-naphthylamine, and acetamide has been achieved by sonication at 35 kHz. The reaction is catalysed by silica chloride in aqueous medium. This protocol afforded corresponding 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthylamines in shorter reaction durations, and in high yields. The method involves simple work-up procedure, and avoids use of hazardous reagents. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., authorkeywords=2-Naphthylamine; Acetamide; Aldehydes; Silica chloride; Ultrasound; Water, keywords=2-Naphthylamine; Acetamide; Aqueous medium; Hazardous reagents; High yield; One pot; Silica chlorides; Sonic conditions; Three-component, Aldehydes; Amines; Catalysis; Silica; Ultrasonics; Water, Chlorine compounds, 1 amidoalkyl 2 naphthylamine; 2 naphthylamine; silicon dioxide; unclassified drug; water, article; catalysis; chemical reaction; one pot synthesis; priority journal; ultrasound, chemicalscas=2 naphthylamine, 91-59-8; silicon dioxide, 10279-57-9, 14464-46-1, 14808-60-7, 15468-32-3, 60676-86-0, 7631-86-9; water, 7732-18-5, references=Dömling, A., (2006) Chem. Rev., 106, p. 17; Weber, L., (2002) Curr. Med. Chem., 9, p. 2085; Hulme, C., Gore, V., (2003) Curr. Med. Chem., 10, p. 51; Lorimer, J.P., Mason, T.J., (1987) Chem. Soc. 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Lett., 17, p. 621; Karade, H.N., Sathe, M., Kaushik, M.P., (2007) Chem. Commun., 8, p. 741; Mason, T.J., Lorimer, J.P., (1988) Sonochemistry: Theory, Application and Uses of Ultrasound in Chemistry, , John Wiley and Son New York, correspondenceaddress1=Pasha, M.A.; Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bengaluru, India; email: [email protected], issn=13504177, coden=ULSOE, language=English, abbrevsourcetitle=Ultrason. Sonochem., documenttype=Article, source=Scopus, @ARTICLESiddheshwar201384, author=Siddheshwar, P.G.a and Bhadauria, B.S.b and Suthar, O.P.a , title=Synchronous and asynchronous boundary temperature modulations of Bénard-Darcy convection, journal=International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, year=2013, volume=49, pages=84-89, doi=10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2012.09.006, note=cited By 7, url=http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84868250517&partnerID=40&md5=e54737ede2ff0a4eb17351d59d77732d, affiliation=Department of Mathematics, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bangalore 560 001, India; Department of Applied Mathematics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, India, abstract=A theoretical analysis of thermo-convective instability in a densely packed porous medium is carried out when the boundary temperatures vary with time in a sinusoidal manner. By performing a weakly non-linear stability analysis, the Nusselt number is obtained as a function of amplitude of convection which is governed by a non-autonomous Ginzburg-Landau equation derived for the stationary mode of convection. The paper succeeds in unifying the modulated Bénard-Darcy, Bénard-Rayleigh, Bénard-Brinkman and Bénard-Chandrasekhar convection problems and hence precludes the study of these individual problems in isolation. A new result that shows that asynchronous temperature modulation may be effectively used to either enhance or reduce heat transport by suitably adjusting the frequency and phase-difference of the modulated temperature is presented. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd., authorkeywords=Bénard-Darcy convection; Ginzburg-Landau amplitude equation; Nusselt number; Temperature modulation; Weakly non-linear stability analysis, keywords=Amplitude equation; Boundary temperature; Convection problem; Ginzburg-Landau equations; Modulated temperature; Phase difference; Temperature modulation; Weakly non-linear stabilities, Nonlinear equations; Nusselt number; Porous materials, Modulation, fundingdetails=University Grants Commission, references=Ahlers, G., Hohenberg, P.C., Lucke, M., Thermal convection under external modulation of the driving force, I. The Lorenz model (1985) Physical Review A, 32 (6), pp. 3493-3518; Bhadauria, B.S., Thermal modulation of Raleigh-Benard convection in a sparsely packed porous medium (2007) Journal of Porous Media, 10 (2), pp. 175-188. , DOI 10.1615/JPorMedia.v10.i2.50; Bhadauria, B.S., Suthar, O.P., Effect of thermal modulation on the onset of centrifugally driven convection in a vertical rotating porous layer placed far away from the axis of rotation (2009) Journal of Porous Media, 12 (3), pp. 239-252; Bhadauria, B.S., Bhatia, P.K., Debnath, L., Weakly non-linear analysis of Rayleigh-Benard convection with time periodic heating (2009) International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 44, pp. 58-65; Bhadauria, B.S., Bhatia, P.K., Time-periodic heating of Rayleigh-Benard convection (2002) Physica Scripta, 66 (1), pp. 59-65. , DOI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.066a00059; Bhadauria, B.S., Siddheshwar, P.G., Suthar, O.P., Non-linear thermal instability in a rotating viscous fluid layer under temperature/gravity modulation, ASME (2012) Journal of Heat Transfer, 134, pp. 1-9; Chandrasekhar, S., (1961) Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, , Oxford University Press, London; Chhuon, B., Caltagirone, J.P., Stability of a horizontal porous layer with timewise periodic boundary conditions (1979) Journal of Heat Transfer, 101 (2), pp. 244-248; Davis, S.H., The stability of time periodic flows (1976) Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 8, pp. 57-74; Epherre, J.F., Critére d'apparition de la convection naturalle dans une couche poreuse anisotrope (1975) Revue Générale de Thermique, 168, pp. 949-950; Getling, A.V., (2001) Rayleigh-Benard Convection: Structures and Dynamics, , World Scientific Press, Singapore; Govender, S., Stability of convection in a gravity modulated porous layer heated from below (2004) Transport in Porous Media, 57 (1), pp. 113-123. , DOI 10.1023/B:TIPM.0000032739.39927.af; Homsy, G.M., Global stability of time-dependent flows. Part 2. Modulated fluid layers (1974) Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 62, pp. 387-403; Ingham, D.B., Pop, I., (2002) Transport Phenomenon in Porous Media, II, Pergamon, , (Eds.); Lapwood, E.R., Convective of a fluid in a porous medium (1948) Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 44, pp. 508-521; Malashetty, M.S., Basavaraja, D., Rayleigh-Beenard convection subject to time dependent wall temperature/gravity in a fluid-saturated porous medium (2002) Heat and Mass Transfer, 38, pp. 551-563; Nield, D.A., Bejan, A., (2006) Convection in Porous Media, , Springer-Verlag, New York; Niemela, J.J., Donnelly, R.J., External modulation of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (1987) Physical Review Letters, 59, pp. 2431-2434; Platten, J.K., Legros, J.C., (1984) Convection in Liquids, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Rajagopal, K.R., Saccomandi, G., Vergori, L., A systematic approximation for the equations governing convection-diffusion in a porous medium (2010) Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 11 (4), pp. 2366-2375; Raju, V.R.K., Bhattacharya, S.N., Onset of thermal instability in a horizontal layer of fluid with modulated boundary temperatures (2010) Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 66, pp. 343-351; Rayleigh, S., On convective currents in a horizontal layer of fluid when the higher temperature is on the under side (1916) Philosophical Magazine, 32, pp. 529-546; Roppo, M.H., Davis, S.H., Rosenblat, S., Bénard convection with time-periodic heating (1974) Physics of Fluids, 27 (4), pp. 796-803; Rosenblat, S., Tanaka, G.A., Modulation of thermal convection instability (1971) Physics of Fluids, 14 (7), pp. 1319-1322; Rosenblat, S., Herbert, D.M., Low frequency modulation of thermal instability (1971) Physics of Fluids, 14, pp. 1319-1322; Siddheshwar, P.G., A series solution for the Ginzburg-Landau equation with a time-periodic coefficient (2010) Applied Mathematics, 1 (6), pp. 542-554; Siddheshwar, P.G., Vanishree, R.K., Melson, A.C., Study of heat transport in Bénard-Darcy convection with g-jitter and thermomechanical anisotropy in variable viscosity liquids (2012) Transport in Porous Media, 92 (2), pp. 277-288; Siddheshwar, P.G., Bhadauria, B.S., Srivastava, A.K., An analytical study of nonlinear double-diffusive convection in a porous medium under temperature/gravity modulation (2012) Transport in Porous Media, 91, pp. 585-604; Siddheshwar, P.G., Bhadauria, B.S., Mishra, P., Srivastava, A.K., Study of heat transport by stationary magneto-convection in a Newtonian liquid under temperature or gravity modulation using Ginzburg-Landau model (2012) International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 47 (5), pp. 418-425; Siddheshwar, P.G., Pranesh, S., Effect of temperature/gravity modulation on the onset of magneto-convection in electrically conducting fluids with internal angular momentum (2000) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 219 (2), pp. 153-162; Straughan, B., (2004) The Energy Method, Stability, and Nonlinear Convection, Applied Mathematical Science Series, , second ed., Springer-Verlag, New York; Vafai, K., (2005) Handbook of Porous Media, , Taylor and Francis, New York; Venezian, G., Effect of modulation on the onset of thermal convection (1969) Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 35, pp. 243-254, correspondenceaddress1=Siddheshwar, P.G.; Department of Mathematics, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bangalore 560 001, India; email: [email protected], issn=00207462, coden=IJNMA, language=English, abbrevsourcetitle=Int J Non Linear Mech, documenttype=Article, source=Scopus, @ARTICLEHanumanthappa2013795, author=Hanumanthappa, M. and Prakash, B.R., title=Implementation of web search result clustering system, journal=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, year=2013, volume=174 AISC, pages=795-800, doi=10.1007/978-81-322-0740-5₉₄, note=cited By 0; Conference of International Conference on Advances in Computing, ICAdC 2012 ; Conference Date: 4 July 2012 Through 6 July 2012; Conference Code:94496, url=http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871338991&partnerID=40&md5=fdf40ed2fc3702f42d014fa9a0a62baa, affiliation=Bangalore University, Bangalore, India, abstract=Web search results clustering is an increasingly popular technique for providing useful grouping of web search results. This paper introduces a prototype web search results clustering engine that use the random sampling technique with medoids instead of centroids to improve clustering quality, Cluster labeling is achieved by combining intra-cluster and inter-cluster term extraction based on a variant of the information gain measure by using Modified Furthest Point First algorithm. M-FPF is compared against two other established web document clustering algorithms: Suffix Tree Clustering (STC) and Lingo, which are provided by the free open source Carrot2 Document Clustering Workbench. We measure cluster quality by considering precision , recall and relevance. Results from testing on different datasets show a considerable clustering quality. © 2013 Springer., keywords=Information retrieval; Websites, Cluster labeling; Clustering quality; Clustering system; Data sets; Document Clustering; Information gain; Intra-cluster; Medoids; Open sources; Random sampling; Suffix-trees; Term extraction; Web document clustering; Web searches, Clustering algorithms, references=Zamir, O., Etzioni, O., Web document clustering: A feasibility demonstration Proceedings of the 21st Annual International SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (1998); Hanumanthappa, M., Prakash, B.R., Mamatha, M., Improving the efficiency of document clustering and labeling using Modified FPF algorithm Proceeding of International Conference on Problem Solving and Soft Computing (2011); Geraci, F., Leoncini, M., Montangero, M., Pellegrini, M., Renda, M.E., FPF-SB: A Scalable Algorithm for Microarray Gene Expression Data Clustering (2007) LNCS, 4561, pp. 606-615. , Duffy, V.G. (ed.) HCII 2007 and DHM 2007. Springer, Hei
A program to calculate the empirical bias in autocorrelation estimators
No full text, among others). In the nineties, the works were oriented towards the correction of the bias generated in short time-series by the conventional autocor relation estimator r 1 . Matyas and Greenwood (1991) verified that the difference between the mean of the conventional estimator r 1 and the value of the autocorrelation parameter ρ 1 increases with short time series. These authors concluded that the relationship between ρ 1 and the mean r 1 was nonlinear. The greatest coincidence between calculated mean r 1 and ρ 1 occurred when ρ 1 was around -0.2 or -0.3. According to these values, when ρ 1 increased positively, the calculated mean r 1 underestimated r 1 with a negative bias, while when the ρ 1 increased negatively, the calculated mean r 1 underestimated ρ 1, but with a positive bias. Based on this simulation study, it was deduced that when small sample sizes were used, the r 1 values were biased. This article describes a computer program using MATLAB, Version 5.2 (1998). The program, called Bias, makes it possible to calculate the empirical bias in r 1 , r 1 + and r 1 ' by Monte Carlo simulation. This program requires the specification of the parameter ρ 1 and the sample size (n). The structure of the program is as follows (see the Appendix): simulation of lag-one autoregressive processes, calculation of the estimators r 1 and r 1 +, polynomial models for different sample sizes, calculation of the estimator r 1 ', and estimation of the empirical bias in r 1 , r 1 + and r 1 '. Bias runs under the Windows 3.1 or later operating system on IBM-PC compatibles with a 486 or later processor, and 8 MB of extended memory. In the first place, the program simulates first-order autoregressive processes. The randn function wh e r e Y t is the score on the response me asure at tim e t, ρ 1 i s the autoc orr e l ation param eter and e t is a r andom norm al va ri ate with a mean of z e ro and a va riance of one. Each time seri e s s t a rts with a normal va ri ate (Y 0 ) having ze ro mea n and va ri a nce 1/(1-ρ A program to calculate the empirical bias in autocorrelation estimators Jaume Arnau and Roser Bono University of Barcelona The statistical analysis of short time series designs is influenced by the presence of serial dependence. Therefore, it is important to correctly estimate the first-order autocorrelation in behavioral data. The empirical bias is an indicator generally used to evaluate the adequacy degree of an estimator. This paper presents the Bias program, a Monte Carlo simulation pro gram tha t generates fir st-order autoregressive processes and calculates the bias in three autocorrelation estimators (r1, r1+ and r1') for different values of the lag-one autocorrelation parameter and sample siz es. The prog ram has been designed with MATLAB programming language and it runs on IBM-PC compa tible computers with a 486 or later processor. Programa para el cálculo del sesgo empírico de estimadores de autocorrelación. El análisis estadísti-co de los diseños de series temporales cortas está influido por la presencia de dependencia serial. De ahí la importancia de estimar correctamente la autocorrelación de primer orden en datos conductuales. El sesgo empírico es un indicador generalmente usado para evaluar el grado de precisión de un estimador. Este artículo presenta el prog rama Bias, un programa de simulación Monte Carlo que genera procesos autorregresivos de primer orden y calcula el sesgo de tres estimadores de autocorrelación (r 1 , r 1 + y r 1 ') para diferentes valores del parámetro de autocorrelación de retardo uno y tamaños muestrales. El programa ha sido diseñado mediante el lenguaje de programación MATLAB y funciona en ordenadores IBM-PC con un procesador 486 o superior. ISSN 0214 -9915 CODEN PSOTEG 2002. Vol. 14, nº 3, pp. 669-672 Copyright © 2002 Psicothema pe d to eliminate a ny dep e n d e n cy betwe en them ( and . The estimator r 1 is biased with small sample sizes because the numerator only includes n-1 terms instead of n. The empirical bias function of the conventional estimator r 1 mildly drifts from the linearity (Arnau, 1999; For sample sizes other than those studied in this paper, it is previously necessary to calculate, by simulation, the empirical biases of the conventional estimator. Once the corresponding empirical biases have been found, the polynomial fitting is carried out with polytool function specifying the ρ 1 values, empirical biases previously obtained and the degree of the polynomial fit. In this way, the significant coefficients are obtained. These must be included in the polynomial models for different sample sizes statement indicating the value of n. Using the equations 4-7, the Bias program calculates the estimator r 1 ' by adding the corresponding polynomial model in absolute values to r 1 . Finally, for each simulated sample, the program calculates the empirical bias in r 1 , r 1 + and r 1 ', which is the difference between the mean value of the estimator and the value of the parameter ρ 1 . The Bias program only calculates r 1 ' for four sample sizes (n= 6, 10, 20 and 30). For other n values, the polynomial fitting of the bias must be performed first in order to determine the corresponding correction model and to introduce it into the program. Running the program The Bias program is a function M-file and the input variables in the MATLAB workspace, autoregressive parameter (rho) and sample size (n), must be introduced into it. As can be seen in the Appendix, the first line of the function M-file specifies the file name (bias), the input variables names (rho and n) and output variables names (r1_bias, r1plus_bias and r1pr ime_bias). The following expression must be specified in the MATLAB workspace in order to run the program: [r1_bias, r1plus_bias, r1prime_bias]= bias(rho,n). The MATLAB executes the commands in Bias program and the results are shown in the MATLAB workspace. Availability Interested users who prefer not to type the program can request a file of the program by e-mailing the second author ([email protected]). It has been designed with the Version 5.2 of MATLAB but it can also work with previous versions. Acknowledgement
Cálculo de tensiones en uniones soldadas de perfil asimétrico sometidas a flexión transversal
No full textShigley, one of the most prestigious authors of Design of Elements of Machines, who from the year 1964 until the date has published several textbooks [112-115], on having tackled the Topic of the Welded Unions, expresses: "One of the difficulties that it confronts the engineer in the design, on having worked with welded unions, is that one has not dedicated to this matter the same rigorous study as to other processes, materials and mechanical elements. It is not known why; but perhaps be because the geometric characteristics do not lend to an easy mathematical treatment. Certainly this means that there has interfered an additional element of suspense, which must be compensated by means of the use of safety factors of major magnitude in the design”. Of this Shigley exposition and since result of a deep analysis of the bibliography related to the calculation of the tensions in the welded unions can steady itself that the expressions of calculation of the tensions in the welded unions are capable to the improving. In Hernán's works [54-58] this type of Union is qualified like the Dogsbody of the Elements of Machines and he stands out as up to this moment, no author had tackled, for example, the calculation of the local tensions that appear in the apex of the gullet in the ends of the drawstring for the case of the unions to solape with seams of longitudinal filet, these points in which the proper authors admit that the tensions, given the phenomena of not uniform distribution of the tensions along the length of the drawstring and of the tension concentration in the thickness of the gullet, can become up to nine times or more average tensions; nevertheless there is used for 100 years a method based on the calculation of the average tensions on the section of the gullet, method is adapted for calculations of resistance of the drawstrings in conditions of static charges, but absolutely insufficiently to evaluate the resistance in conditions of cyclical charges.Shigley, uno de los más prestigiosos autores de Diseño de Elementos de Máquinas, el cual desde el año 1964 hasta la fecha ha publicado varios libros de texto [112-115], al abordar el Tema de las Uniones Soldadas expresa: “Una de las dificultades que afronta el ingeniero en el diseño al trabajar con uniones soldadas es que a esta materia no se le ha dedicado el mismo estudio riguroso que a otros procesos, materiales y elementos mecánicos. No se sabe por qué; pero quizás sea porque las características geométricas no se prestan a un fácil tratamiento matemático. Desde luego esto significa que se ha introducido un elemento adicional de incertidumbre, lo cual debe compensarse mediante el uso de factores de seguridad de mayor magnitud en el diseño”. De este planteamiento de Shigley y como resultado de un profundo análisis de la bibliografía relacionada con el cálculo de las tensiones en las uniones soldadas se puede afirmar que las expresiones de cálculo de las tensiones en las uniones soldadas son susceptibles al perfeccionamiento. En los trabajos de Hernán[54-58] se califica este tipo de Unión como la Cenicienta de los Elementos de Maquinas y se destaca como hasta ese momento, ningún autor había abordado, por ejemplo, el cálculo de las tensiones locales que aparecen en el vértice de la garganta en los extremos del cordón para el caso de las uniones a solape con costuras de filete longitudinal, puntos estos en los cuales los propios autores reconocen que las tensiones, dados los fenómenos de distribución no uniforme de las tensiones a lo largo de la longitud del cordón y de la concentración deJackson, Inga Maria-03cfb42a-1806-44cd-be7f-fa0461408512-
