34 research outputs found
Spatial genetic structure of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) at the northern limit of their native range
No full textThis is a manuscript version of an article published as: Haines, J.A., Nason, S.E., Skurdal, A.M.M., Bourchier, T., Boutin, S., Taylor, R.W., McAdam, A.G., Lane, J.E., Kelley, A.D., Humphries, M.M., Gorrell, J.C., Dantzer, B., Coltman, D.W., & Hämäläinen, A. (2020). Sex- and context-specific associations between personality and a measure of fitness but no link with life history traits. Animal Behaviour, 167, 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.06.013The Canadian Rocky Mountains are one of the few places on Earth where the spatial genetic structure of wide-ranging species has been relatively unaffected by anthropogenic disturbance. We characterized the spatial genetic structure of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw, 1804) in the northern portion of their range. Using microsatellites from 1495 individuals and mitochondrial DNA sequences from 188 individuals, we examined both broad- and fine-scale spatial genetic structure, assessed sex-biased gene flow within the northern portion of the species range, and identified geographic patterns of genetic diversity. We found that broad-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with barriers to movement created by major river valleys. The fine-scale spatial genetic structure was characterized by a strong isolation-by-distance pattern, and analysis of neighborhood size using spatial autocorrelation indicated gene flow frequently occurred over distances of up to 100 km. However, analysis of sex-specific spatial autocorrelation and analysis of mitochondrial haplotype distributions failed to detect any evidence of sex-biased gene flow. Finally, our analyses reveal decreasing genetic diversity with increasing latitude, consistent with patterns of post-glacial recolonization of the Rocky Mountains.https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/23294/Gorrell.CJZ.pdf?sequence=3This is an author supplied, accepted manuscript version of an article published as: Deakin, S., Gorrell, J.C.,
Kneteman, J., Hik, D.S., Jobin, R.M., & Coltman, D.W. (2020). Spatial genetic structure of Rocky Mountain
bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) at the northern limit of their native range. Canadian Journal
of Zoology, 98(5), 317-330. DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0183
Canadian Journal of Zoology is available online at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjz, and this
article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0183.Post-print versio
Correction: assortative mating in fallow deer reduces the strength of sexual selection.
No full textPMCID: PMC3182158
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article corrects this one:
PLoS One. 2011; 6(4): e18533. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018533[This corrects the article on p. e18533 in vol. 6.]
La voix anglaise de Marie-Claire Blais : enjeux diachroniques de l’homogénéisation
No full textLauréate de nombreux prix prestigieux canadiens et internationaux, l’écrivaine québécoise Marie-Claire Blais a publié plus de quarante livres. Si sa voix porte loin en français, sa voix en anglais ne semble pas avoir de réelle présence ni avoir suscité beaucoup d’échos. Le fait que ses textes aient été traduits en anglais par une douzaine de traductrices et de traducteurs, aux antécédents personnels, professionnels et linguistiques fort variés, aurait-il nui à la réception de l’ensemble de son œuvre dans les pays anglophones, en menant à une sorte de brouillage, voire de dispersion de sa voix en anglais ? Plus précisément, dans quelle mesure les démarches traductives de l’homogénéisation auraient-elles produit des effets confusément hétérogénéisants, effets pervers qui ne pourraient devenir perceptibles que dans une perspective évolutive des traductions ? Cet article cherche à répondre à ces questions à partir d’une analyse de trois traductions qui témoignent autant de l’évolution du style de l’écrivaine que des changements dans les contextes éditoriaux et littéraires anglophones : A Season in the Life of Emmanuel, traduit par Derek Coltman (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1966) ainsi que deux traductions signées par Sheila Fischman : A Literary Affair (McClelland and Stewart, 1979) et These Festive Nights (Anansi, 1997).Winner of numerous prestigious awards in Canada and abroad, Quebec writer Marie-Claire Blais is the author of over forty books. Although her French voice has achieved far-reaching recognition, her voice in English does not appear to have any real presence or have elicited much critical response. Has the fact that her texts have been translated by a dozen of translators from widely different personal, professional and linguistic backgrounds impeded the reception of her work in Anglophone countries by leading to a blurring or dispersal of her voice in English? More specifically, to what degree have homogenizing translation strategies created confusing and perverse effects of heterogeneity, only perceivable when the translations are seen within the evolution of her work over time? This article seeks to answer these questions by analysing three translations that illustrate the evolution of the author’s style as well as changes in the Anglophone editorial and literary contexts: A Season in the Life of Emmanuel, translated by Derek Coltman (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1966) and two translations by Sheila Fischman: A Literary Affair (McClelland and Stewart, 1979) and These Festive Nights (Anansi, 1997)
The Watchman in the Vineyard: Historical Traces of Judicial and Punitive Practices in Lincoln
No full textThe theme and content of this edited book first took shape at an international conference I co-organised at the University of Lincoln in November 2009. Bringing together eminent architects, philosophers, criminologists, judges, lawyers, urban designers and geographers, the conference provided a unique platform for debating some of the key issues about the role of architecture in the deliberations of justice in both a contemporary and historical contexts. The significance of the conference, and subsequent publication of selected papers, was underlined by Baroness Vivien Stern (international authority on criminal justice and author of the Forward to this book) who recognized the uniqueness of the initiative in bringing together for the first time both academics and practitioners with diverse interests in the field of justice. The setting of Lincoln for the conference was not without significance. Famous for its majestic cathedral, the city is also noted for its medieval castle which was used as a prison, containing one of the last remaining chapels used under the so-called ‘Pentonville’ (or isolation) system. A special visit to the castle was organised as part of the two day event. My chapter in this volume draws upon this aspect of Lincoln’s history, by examining the topographical and political relationships between castle and cathedral in Lincoln. It develops from an ongoing research project on Lincoln Cathedral and its symbolic and topographical significance (originally published as a chapter in my book, Disclosing Horizons: Architecture, Perspective and Redemptive Space – Routledge 2007). In this paper, however, I examine the judicial and punitive practices in the ‘upper town’ of the city from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. The study highlights how these practices were closely allied to jurisdictional claims of both castle (bailey) and cathedral (minster close), that variously defined territorially the implementation of canon and civil law
Running During Pregnancy and Postpartum, Part A: Why Do Women Stop Running During Pregnancy and Not Return to Running in the Postpartum Period?
No full textBackground: In the absence of complications or contraindications, running is recognized as a safe mode of exercise for women who ran before pregnancy. Despite this, participation in running decreases during pregnancy and postpartum, with limited research conducted to examine why women who were runners before pregnancy cease running during pregnancy and do not return postpartum.Objectives: To understand the experiences of women who have recently given birth and were runners before pregnancy, specifically reasons for not running during pregnancy or returning to running postpartum, as well as postpartum running concerns.Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional, mixed methods.Methods: In total, 883 postpartum females completed an online questionnaire related to running habits, reasons for not running during pregnancy, not returning to running postpartum, and concerns returning to running postpartum. Most questions were closed-ended, with opportunity to provide free-text responses. Descriptive statistics of close-ended questions and thematic analysis of free-text responses were conducted.Results: Women did not run during pregnancy due to nausea/morning sickness, fatigue, fear of or experience of miscarriage and anxiety, nervousness, and fear. Women had not returned to running postpartum due to experience of symptoms/pain and complications postpartum and were concerned about leaking urine, vaginal heaviness, and not knowing how to return safely. Pelvic floor concerns were prevalent throughout pregnancy and postpartum.Conclusion: There is a need for evidence-based guidance for women to return to running postpartum gradually and safely. This includes greater pelvic health education and support, including access to treatment. Importantly, return-to-running guidance postpartum needs to be considered as an ongoing and longitudinal process
Running During Pregnancy and Postpartum Part B: How Does Running-Related Advice and Guidance Received During Pregnancy and Postpartum Affect Women’s Running Habits?
No full textBackground: Women are unsure about the suitability and safety of running when pregnant and postpartum, with advice from medical professionals often conflicting.Aim: To explore the exercise and running-related advice pregnant and postpartum women received and the impact it has on their running habits.Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional.Methods: A total of 883 postpartum women completed an online survey. Questions were developed using pregnancy exercise guidance and clinical postpartum running guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess associations between receiving prenatal advice and receiving postpartum advice, receiving prenatal advice and continuing to run through pregnancy and return-to-running postpartum and receiving broadly sourced running-related guidance.Results: Postpartum women who received prenatal exercise advice and broadly sourced postpartum running advice were 37% and 31%, respectively. Those who received prenatal advice were more likely to receive postpartum advice (OR: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-2.38). Receiving exercise-related advice was not associated with continuing to run during pregnancy (OR: 1.17, CI: 0.89-1.54). Having returned to running postpartum was associated with receiving broadly sourced postpartum running-related guidance (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.45-3.32). Women who were aware of the return-to-running clinical guidelines took longer to return-to-running than those who were not aware [14 (10-20) vs 10 (6-16.5) weeks, respectively, U = 34 889, P < .001].Conclusion: Exercise and running guidance was only provided to a small proportion of women. To influence exercise habits and return-to-running, guidance needs to be individualized and specific to the needs of perinatal women
Running during pregnancy and postpartum, Part B: How does running-related advice and guidance received during pregnancy and postpartum affect women's running habits?
No full textBackground: Women are unsure about the suitability and safety of running when pregnant and postpartum, with advice from medical professionals often conflicting. Aim: To explore the exercise and running-related advice pregnant and postpartum women received and the impact it has on their running habits. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 883 postpartum women completed an online survey. Questions were developed using pregnancy exercise guidance and clinical postpartum running guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess associations between receiving prenatal advice and receiving postpartum advice, receiving prenatal advice and continuing to run through pregnancy and return-to-running postpartum and receiving broadly sourced running-related guidance. Results: Postpartum women who received prenatal exercise advice and broadly sourced postpartum running advice were 37% and 31%, respectively. Those who received prenatal advice were more likely to receive postpartum advice (OR: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-2.38). Receiving exercise-related advice was not associated with continuing to run during pregnancy (OR: 1.17, CI: 0.89-1.54). Having returned to running postpartum was associated with receiving broadly sourced postpartum running-related guidance (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.45-3.32). Women who were aware of the return-to-running clinical guidelines took longer to return-to-running than those who were not aware [14 (10-20) vs 10 (6-16.5) weeks, respectively, U = 34 889, P < .001]. Conclusion: Exercise and running guidance was only provided to a small proportion of women. To influence exercise habits and return-to-running, guidance needs to be individualized and specific to the needs of perinatal women
What determines perseverance in studying science?
No full textThis article explores the issue of university student recruitment and retention beyond the first and second year of studying science. The research investigated the 'image' students have of science, the demands they face in studying science and student self-efficacy, and the relative importance of these factors as perceived by 140 returning New Zealand year two science and engineering students, using questionnaires and focus group interviews. Results indicate that returning students are generally confident in their ability to cope with their science studies. However, a significant minority of students was unsure or not coping with issues such as course workloads, and findings suggest that during their first year science students need to be reassured that they are valued, and that their education is taken very seriously by the institution and their lecturers. Student commentary suggests this can be achieved by personalising lectures, ensuring personal contact with lecturers and monitoring how students are coping with the challenges and stresses that affect workload issues and subsequently their academic progress
'Mr Syme's useful little work': the making of Werner's nomenclature of colours (1814/1821) in early nineteenth-century Edinburgh
No full textThe subject of this thesis is Werner’s nomenclature of colours, published in Edinburgh in a
first edition in 1814 and a second in 1821, and compiled by the Scottish artist Patrick Syme
(1774–1845). In the decades following its publication, use of this chromatic dictionary
permeated artistic and scientific activity in the English-speaking world, yet throughout the
twentieth and into the twenty-first century, Syme’s book received very little scholarly
attention. Though it has been the subject of more sustained discussion since 2018, this has
tended to overlook the significance of the immediate social and cultural context of the book.
This thesis aims to correct this scholarly neglect, focussing on the artistic, scientific and print
cultures of early-nineteenth century Edinburgh, out of and into which Syme’s book appeared.
Werner’s nomenclature is considered in its various functions as both an intellectual and a
physical object — as a material “nexus” for a rich array of human activity, and for various
networks of coloured objects.
Introducing the genre and historiography of colour dictionaries (or ‘chromotaxonomies’),
Chapter 1 surveys such publications published in the long eighteenth century (1688–1832),
demonstrating the unique nature of Werner’s Nomenclature among its bibliographical
counterparts. The middle three chapters then focus on the immediate cultural context of
early nineteenth-century Edinburgh. Chapter 2 examines the professional activities of the
book’s author, Patrick Syme, exploring his relative historical anonymity and arguing for his
reinsertion into the historiography of Scottish art. Chapter 3 engages with the fraught
scientific and social subtext of Syme’s book, through its close connections to the Professor of
Natural History at Edinburgh University, Robert Jameson (1774–1854). It seeks to re-present
Jameson as an innovator rather than an inhibitor, as a means to improve understanding of
the various cultural and scientific ‘revolutions’ then occurring in the Scottish capital. Chapter
4 then focusses on Edinburgh’s book trade. It argues that the collaborative relationships
driving the manufacture and distribution of Syme’s book are crucial in understanding its
historical significance, as well as Edinburgh’s broader position in British print culture. Finally,
Chapter 5 considers the reception and application of Syme’s book by British naturalists
between 1820 and 1850. Exploring the use of Syme’s colour terms in archival and printed
instances of zoological representation, it reveals the widespread utility of Werner’s
nomenclature as a means to collect and disseminate the biological spoils of British
commercial and colonial activity overseas.
Overall, the aims of this thesis are twofold. Firstly, to demonstrate that Werner’s
nomenclature represented a revolutionary technology for artists and scientists engaging with
the problem of accurate colour representation in the first half of the nineteenth century. And
secondly, to illustrate the ways in which the book’s chromatic offering reflects the specific
idiosyncrasies of Edinburgh’s cultural and social makeup in the opening decades of the
nineteenth century. By exploring the various facets of the immediate context in which Syme’s
book appeared, the thesis contributes to a broader historical understanding of Edinburgh’s
position (as both capital city and university) as a driver of British cultural production in this
period
