1,720,959 research outputs found
Nanotechnology: is there a need for ethical principles?
No full textNanotechnology (NT) is concerned with materials and systemswhose structures and components exhibit novel physical, chemicaland biological properties due to their nanoscale size. This newscientific discipline is fast becoming a major driver of the futuredirection of health care and is likely to have a significant impacton society, medicine and nursing. This article demonstrates thatethical reflections lie at the heart of nursing. In contextualizingthe ethics of NT, this article questions the conclusion reachedby others that ethical reflections on NT lag behind its scientificdevelopments. Instead it proposes that the ethical issues raisedby NT are similar to those relating to biotechnology, consideredby ethicists since the 1970s. Consequently, this article arguesthat a foundation of ethical reflections already exists that canbe transferred to NT. Finally, this article asserts the need fornurses to be proactively involved in interdisciplinary discussionslikely to extend the current ethical reflections of autonomy, nonmaleficence,beneficence and justice to NT
The Imperative of Human Obesity: An Ethical Reflection
No full textGood health for all has become an accepted international goal. Arguably there have been broad gains in life expectancy over the past century. However, the escalating epidemic of adult obesity, estimated at more than 1 billion worldwide, has become a major public health concern. Obesity affects people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. It is invariably perceived as a product of biological, psychological and social conditions, thereby casting aside its ethical imperatives. Without undermining the role of medicine in managing obesity, this article proposes to discuss the need for nurses to consider relevant ethical principles when supporting people with obesity
The Experience of Temporality by a Group of Asian and Caucasian Diabetic Patients
No full textThis contentious paper aims to explore the experience of time by individuals
who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It further argues that the
temporal processes form central to the diabetic experience and it proceeds to
depict the arenas in which time is transformed by virtue of diabetes. Finally, it
is proposed that understanding the person as a whole being is necessary if selfmanagement
of diabetes is to be successful
In too deep: understanding, detecting and managing DVT
No full textVenous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep veinthrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serioushealth and social care problem of the developed world, affecting 1in 1000 adults every year, and with an annual financial overhead ofapproximately £640 million. The nature of DVT means that oftenthe condition can go unrecognized until the thrombus becomes anembolus. The pathogenesis of DVT continues to be based on Virchow’striad, which attributes VTE to ‘hypercoagulability’, ‘stasis’ and ‘intimalinjury’. The diagnosis of DVT is often the result of a number of testsperformed either sequentially or in combination before mechanicaland/or chemical treatment is embarked on. Creating public awarenessof DVT and PE is the best way to prevent this condition. Nurses arein an ideal position to discuss the importance of lifestyle changes andother related measures to prevent DVT
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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