1,785 research outputs found
Waste Management, Waste Indicators and the Relationship with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Systematic Literature Review
No full textWaste management plays an important role in sustainable development. The innovative
management of waste results in minimizing the adverse effects of climate change, and social and
economic sustainability. The creation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United
Nations in 2015 was an important step toward environmental sustainability, whereby the 17 goals
focus on strengthening the means of implementing and revitalizing the Global Partnership for
Sustainable Development. This research paper applies a systematic literature review using the
PRISMA methodology to analyze different published research papers and research reports mainly
focused on waste management and its relationship with the SDGs. This paper extensively discusses
the context of waste management, SDGs, waste indicators in SDGs, and the relationship between
SDGs and waste management. This paper also widely discusses the aspects of waste management
regarding SDGs. The results are further divided into two sub-categories, including descriptive results,
which elaborate the different approaches that are used to review the literature for this paper, and
thematic results, which include the key results and discussions of different aspects of this paper.
The analysis of different published research papers and research reports mainly focuses on waste
management and its relationship with the SDGs. This study presents a discussion of (1) the detailed
context of waste management about SDGs, (2) the waste indicators in SDGs and (3) the relationship
between waste management and SDGs. This study suggests future possible areas of research by
extending the regional boundaries, increasing the number of papers, focusing on more specific SDG
goals and targets and studying case studies based on the specific targets and indicators
Solid Waste Collection, Treatment and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in the Context of Waste Management
No full textIl mondo sta affrontando numerose sfide, e il cambiamento climatico è una di queste. Diversi fattori stanno influenzando il cambiamento climatico, e gli impatti negativi di parecchie attività umane stanno contribuendo a questo fenomeno. La produzione di rifiuti e l'efficienza nella gestione degli stessi sono aspetti cruciali in termini di cambiamento climatico e sostenibilità. I rifiuti possono essere classificati in diverse forme: solidi, liquidi, gassosi o altre forme. Il processo di gestione dei rifiuti coinvolge tutte le fasi del trattamento e dello smaltimento, dalla produzione al monitoraggio continuo, nonché l'introduzione e l'implementazione di politiche di gestione dei rifiuti. Questo studio si è concentrato su diversi aspetti, tra cui una comprensione generale dei rifiuti, della gestione degli stessi, del quadro degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), delle associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs, della comprensione degli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs, della valutazione dei risultati nazionali relativi agli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Italia e Canada, e della misurazione dell'efficienza nella gestione dei rifiuti in Emilia Romagna, una regione del Nord Italia.
Lo studio ha utilizzato diversi metodi e strumenti per ciascun aspetto ed è stato suddiviso in sei capitoli. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul contesto della ricerca, sulla comprensione di diversi termini, sugli obiettivi dello studio e su una panoramica delle metodologie. Il secondo capitolo applica una revisione sistematica della letteratura per analizzare un numero significativo di studi volti a comprendere la gestione dei rifiuti, esplorare gli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs e sottolineare le associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs. Il terzo capitolo valuta i risultati nazionali dell'Italia nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi alla gestione dei rifiuti. Questo capitolo utilizza il dataset nazionale sugli SDGs e i dati disponibili su variabili socioeconomiche e geografiche. Sono stati applicati metodi di statistica descrittiva, correlazione di Pearson, regressione Partial Least Square (PLSR) e Elastic Net Regression, evidenziando la relazione tra gli indicatori di rifiuti degli SDGs e fattori sociali, economici e geografici. I risultati mostrano una significativa associazione tra gli indicatori di gestione dei rifiuti degli SDGs e variabili demografiche. Il quarto capitolo discute la gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani in Emilia-Romagna, considerando dimensioni ambientali, economiche e sociali. Il capitolo utilizza il dataset di ATERSIR (Agenzia Territoriale dell'Emilia-Romagna per i Servizi Idrici e Rifiuti). L'integrazione di dati su varie dimensioni ha permesso di identificare modelli chiave nelle performance di gestione dei rifiuti tra i comuni. L'uso di indicatori compositi ha fornito una visione olistica delle performance comunali e ha permesso di identificare comuni ad alte prestazioni e quelli in difficoltà. I risultati mostrano che alcuni comuni hanno performance costantemente buone, mentre altri lottano in tutte le dimensioni, specialmente quando valutati con metodi di aggregazione non compensativa. Lo studio ha anche evidenziato l'impatto della densità di popolazione, degli operatori dei servizi e dei metodi di pagamento sui risultati della gestione dei rifiuti. L'ultimo capitolo si concentra sul raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Canada. Il capitolo applica una revisione della letteratura e rileva una mancanza di politiche uniformi nel paese riguardo alla gestione dei rifiuti. Sono stati identificati vari sforzi intrapresi dal paese, ma permangono sfide nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi agli indicatori di rifiuti.The world is experiencing many challenges, and climate change is one of those challenges. Various factors are influencing climate change, and the adverse effects of many human activities are leading to climate change. The production of waste and waste management efficiency are important aspects in terms of climate change and sustainability. Waste is understood in many ways; the common forms of waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, gas, or other forms. The process of waste management involves all stages of waste treatment and disposal, from its production stage to the final stage, involving its ongoing monitoring and introduction and implementation of waste management policies. This research study focused on different aspects including an overall understanding of waste, waste management, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, association among waste management and SDGs, understanding the waste indicators of SDGs, assessing the national achievements of waste-related SDG goals in Italy and Canada and measuring the waste management efficiency in Emilia Romagna, a region of North Italy.
The study used different methods and tools for each aspect. It has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on the background of the research, an understanding of different terms, the objectives of the study, and an overview of the methodologies. The second chapter applies a systematic literature review to study a possible number of studies aimed at understanding waste management, exploring the waste indicators of SDGs, and emphasizing the associations between waste management and SDGs. The third chapter has assessed the national achievement of Italy in the achievement of waste management concerning SDG goals. This chapter has used the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. This chapter applied descriptive statistics, person’s correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The chapter resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables. The fourth chapter discussed municipal solid waste management in Emilia Romagna, northern Italy, and considered environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The chapter used the dataset of ATERSIR (Emilia-Romagna Territorial Agency for Water and Waste Services). In this chapter, integrating data on various dimensions identified key patterns in waste management performance across municipalities. The use of composite indicators depicted a holistic view of municipal performance and provided further identification of high-performance and underperforming municipalities. The findings of this chapter show some municipalities have consistently good performance while others struggle across all dimensions, mainly when assessed by methods of non-compensatory aggregation. The impact of population density, service operators, and payment methods on waste management outcomes has also been found in this study. The last chapter focused on discussing the achievement of waste-related SDG Goals in Canada. The chapter applied the literature review and found a lack of uniform policies in the country focusing on waste management. It was found that there are various efforts taken by the country, but challenges still remain in achieving the SDG goals focusing on waste indicators of SDGs
Achievements of Waste Indicators of Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 11, and 12 in Italy from 2015 to 2020
No full textMany developed countries face an increasing crisis of waste management, especially regarding inadequate disposal capacities and insufficient systems for waste sorting and recovery. These insufficiencies harmfully affect environmental quality, human health, and overall urban life. Waste management is largely linked with disposal, collection, and recycling. Instead of being a critical public utility, solid waste management often goes unnoticed—until it fails. The complete system failure can escalate into a global crisis. Italy presents a critical case to evaluate waste management’s role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals, given the diversity of the country and its adherence to strict EU regulations. The country has taken important steps to adopt the principles of the circular economy, mainly through recycling and waste-to-energy initiatives. The Sustainable Development Goals are also linked to waste management, and there are specific goals with targets and indicators that focus on waste management outcomes. This paper has assessed the national achievement of Italy in waste management concerning the SDGs. SDGs 6, 7, 11, and 12, with a specific focus on the targets impacted by integrated waste management in Italy, are the focus of this paper, and the achievement of waste indicators under SDGs 6, 7, 11, and 12 is analyzed. The paper also assesses the relationship between social, economic, and geographical variables in the achievement of the mentioned SDGs, and also the impacts of the social, economic, and geographical contexts of inhabitants on the achievements of the SDGs. The paper has utilized the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. The paper applied descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The paper resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables
Deformation and Aerodynamic Performance of a Ram-Air Wing
No full textRam-air wings form an ever increasing market of soft fabric, air inflated wings. They are primairily used in air sports such as parachuting, paragliding and kiting. Ram-air kites may also be used for electric power generation by letting the kite pull a cable from a drum that is connected to a generator. An example if this principle is the Laddermill concept. But since ram-air wings are flexible by nature they will deform and depart from their intended design shape when they are loaded by aerodynamic forces. These deformations generally affect the performance of the wings adversely. Kites with a higher lift-to-drag ratio on the Laddermill could mean a direct increase of the energy produced per square meter of kite. Besides this benefit for the Laddermill there is a huge, world-wide market of parachuting, paragliding and kiting that can benefit from more research and a better understanding of the deformation and aerodynamic performance of ram-air wings. The goals of this thesis are to be able to point out where a ram-air kite departs from the intended design shape, to investigate how well the kite performs, to understand how the deformations affect the airflow and to make suggestions for possible improvements of the design. Since little has been published about these subjects this report will most of all form a basis for further research. This report presents a method to analyse the shape and the aerodynamics of a ram-air kite. The kite is tested in the windtunnel. Its 3D shape is captured using two techniques: photogrammetry and laser scanning. Using the geometry data the structural deformation of the wing is dissected. With computational fluid dynamics the aerodynamics of the deformed shape is analyzed. An extra result of this study is the comparison of photogrammetry and laser scanning in terms of their suitability to capture the 3D shape of the ram-air kite. A number of interesting deformations and flow features were found on the ram-air wing: - Theoretically the bumps (ballooning) and grooves on a ram-air wing hinder the spanwise flow on a 3-dimensional wing, but in practise this effect is only visible on small parts of the upper surface. - The pull of the suspension lines on the under surface and the internal construction of the wing make the upper surface of the wing deform. This results in a decrease of the upper surface curvature, especially near the nose. This curvature decrease causes a loss of lift of at least 5%. - Because the flat, 2-dimensional fabric is inflated into a 3-dimensional shape the fabric wrinkles. The wrinkles continue from the top and bottom surface into the ribs that internally connect and support the top and bottom surface. On average these wrinkles shorten the ribs in chordwise direction by 3.5%. This decreases the surface area of the wing and it makes the ribs effectively thicker. Many more details became visible with the thorough analysis of the wing’s shape. The conclusion is that the performance of the ram-air wing can be improved by changing these details. The photogrammetry measuring technique gave better results than laser scanning and is very suitable tool to make these details visible. It allows a designer to identify where the real flying shape deviates from the design shape. This can help kite designers and designers of other ram-air wings to reverse-Aerospace Engineerin
Great Expectatrics: Great Papers, Great Journals, Great Econometrics
No full textThe paper discusses alternative Research Assessment Measures (RAM), with an emphasis on the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science database (hereafter ISI). The various ISI RAM that are calculated annually or updated daily are defined and analysed, including the classic 2-year impact factor (2YIF), 5-year impact factor (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Eigenfactor score, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, Zinfluence, and PI-BETA (Papers Ignored - By Even The Authors). The ISI RAM data are analysed for 8 leading econometrics journals and 4 leading statistics journals. The application to econometrics can be used as a template for other areas in economics, for other scientific disciplines, and as a benchmark for newer journals in a range of disciplines. In addition to evaluating high quality research in leading econometrics journals, the paper also compares econometrics and statistics, alternative RAM, highlights the similarities and differences in alternative RAM criteria, finds that several ISI RAM capture similar performance characteristics for the leading econometrics and statistics journals while the new PI-BETA criterion is not highly correlated with any of the other ISI RAM, and hence conveys additional information regarding ISI RAM, highlights major research areas in leading journals in econometrics, and discusses some likely future uses of RAM.Research assessment measures, impact factors, Immediacy, Eigenfactor score, Article influence, h-index, C3PO, Zinfluence, PI-BETA
Scientometric portrait of Ram Gopal Rastogi
No full textPublication productivity of Indian scientist (R.G. Rastogi) has been documented.
Scientometric analysis of 312 papers by Ram Gopal Rastogi published during 1954 to 1992 in various domains: (a) Luni -solar activity and quiet -time E & F- region (57); (b) Equatorial electric field and low and mid latitude iof:osphere (78); (c) Ionospheric E- region irregularities (19); (dj Ionospheric F- region irregularities (32); and (e) Magnetic disturbance effects on the equatorial low and mid latitude ionosphere (23) were analysed. Interdomainery contents and of the number of papers: a+b were 36; b+c and b+d were 20 each; b+e were 16;. c+e were 5; a+e were 3; d+e were 2; and a+d had only one publication. Highest collaborations were with H. Chandra (61), M.R. Deshpande (42), and G. Sethia (19) out of his total 97 collaborators. His highest productivity was during 1978 with 28 papers followed by 19 papers during 1977. The core journals preferred by him for publishing papers were: Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, India, and Journal of Atomic & Terrestrial Physics, UK (59 each), followed by Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, India (34). Most prolific title keywords with their frequencies were: Ionosphere (92); Equatorial (61); F-region (53); Equatorial electrojet region (40), and Magnetic equator (30)
Great Expectatrics: Great Papers, Great Journals, Great Econometrics
No full textThe paper discusses alternative Research Assessment Measures (RAM), with an emphasis on the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science database (hereafter ISI). The various ISI RAM that are calculated annually or updated daily are defined and analysed, including the classic 2-year impact factor (2YIF), 5-year impact factor (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Eigenfactor score, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, Zinfluence, and PI-BETA (Papers Ignored - By Even The Authors). The ISI RAM data are analysed for 8 leading econometrics journals and 4 leading statistics journals. The application to econometrics can be used as a template for other areas in economics, for other scientific disciplines, and as a benchmark for newer journals in a range of disciplines. In addition to evaluating high quality research in leading econometrics journals, the paper also compares econometrics and statistics, alternative RAM, highlights the similarities and differences in alternative RAM criteria, finds that several ISI RAM capture similar performance characteristics for the leading econometrics and statistics journals while the new PI-BETA criterion is not highly correlated with any of the other ISI RAM, and hence conveys additional information regarding ISI RAM, highlights major research areas in leading journals in econometrics, and discusses some likely future uses of RAM.Research assessment measures; impact factors; Immediacy; Eigenfactor score; Article influence; h-index; C3PO; Zinfluence; PI-BETA
Steady-State Solver for a Ram-Air Kite Aeroelastic Model Based on Dynamic Relaxation
No full textWe present a computationally efficient steady-state solution method to model the aeroelastic deformation of a ram-air kite for airborne wind energy applications. The kite’s weight in comparison to the aerodynamic forces is small which justifies a quasi-steady analysis, neglecting gravitational and inertial force effects [1]. The approach is suitable to efficiently determine the deformed configuration of a ram-air kite for design and optimization purposes as found in [2]. Because of the expected large deformations and changes in the flow field, fluid-structure interaction has to be taken into account in the analysis.Wind Energ
Night-Time Stories from The Panchatantra
No full textSimilar to Arora's 101 Moral Stories of Grandpa, this hardbound book with dust-jacket has 100 pages. The T of C on 6 lists fifteen numbered stories. This book is remarkable for offering a large picture on almost every page. New to me is The Sparrows & the Tusker (51). An elephant breaks off a limb and unwittingly destroys a nest. The sparrows get help from a woodpecker, a fly, and a frog, Together they lull the elephant, blind him by pecking out his eyes, and mislead him into a deep pit he mistakes for a water-hole. It is nice to meet old friends from the Panchatantra and Kalila and Dimna tradition, and I enjoy Ram-Lakshman's art. One of the best images here is that of the lion springing into the well as the hare runs away (99). The dust-jacket is glued to the covers.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)This book has a dust jacket (book cover)Retold by Reinu Bhano
Aerodynamic analysis of the closure flap mechanism inside the NACA ram-air intake
No full textA low-speed aerodynamic analysis on the conventional NACA ram-air inlet of the Airbus A320 with a new closure flap was conducted. The conventional closure flap mechanism inside the NACA ram-air inlet is replaced by a morphing plate design. Steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in order to analyse the aerodynamic performance of the baseline model and the new design with morphing flap for a range of operating settings. For validation, the Least Squares version of the Grid Convergence Index was carried out to show the grid independence. The results show an improvement in pressure recovery with a maximum of 13.5% for the NACA ram-air inlet with a morphing flap installed compared to the baseline model with a hinged flap. The maximum drag reduction by replacing the hinged flap with a morphing flap was found to be 33.8%.Aerospace Engineerin
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