1,720,955 research outputs found
Understanding how social networking sites influence adolescent body image, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning
Get PDFSocial networking sites (SNS) are used by a significant proportion of the population. A large body of literature has highlighted the relationship between SNS use and increased body image concerns, decreased wellbeing, and a diverse range of offline behaviours. However, the majority of existing research has focused on exploring these relationships in young adults, with fewer studies focusing on adolescents and preadolescents. The current body of work utilised a multi-method approach to explore the relationship between adolescent and preadolescent SNS use and body image concerns, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning, while accounting for changes in adolescents’ environment. Taken together, the studies add knowledge to our understanding of the complex topic of SNS use, body image concerns, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning. This is achieved by exploring possible moderators and mediators that are important in these relationships for adolescents. In addition to this, the research within this thesis also seeks to understand how and why adolescents found the COVID-19 pandemic a difficult time, how they found enjoyment, and some of the ways they benefitted from the changing environment. In addition to this, this work adds further evidence to the call for social media literacy lessons in schools, and extends this by highlighting the importance of starting these lessons in primary school. Finally, this body of work also adds evidence for examining the collective impact of SNS when exploring their potential impact on individuals.The initial study (Chapter 4) furthered current literature by examining SNS use and wellbeing in boys and girls aged 10 – 11 years old (N = 199). The cross-sectional study highlighted a number of novel findings including that preadolescents aged 10-11 years old are frequently engaging with SNS, spending on average nearly two hours per day, and that by this age, there are already negative associations between aspects of general SNS use and wellbeing and psychosocial functioning, and positive associations between SNS use and body image concerns. The results highlight the need to focus research attention on preadolescent SNS use, and the importance of further exploring these relationships so interventions can be created to target the key mechanisms in these associations.These findings were built on in the following study (Chapter 5), which extended the findings to a larger and older sample of 1,295 adolescents aged 11 – 15 years old. The previous study was expanded by testing mediators and moderators for the relationship between SNS use and body image, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning. Peer comparison was found to mediate the relationship between SNS use and wellbeing for boys and girls, and perceived social norms were found to mediate the relationship between SNS use and psychosocial functioning for boys and girls. Finally, body surveillance was found to mediate the relationship between SNS use and body image concerns for boys and girls, and photo manipulation was also found to moderate this pathway for boys. These novel findings have built on previous evidence by testing the associations in a younger sample, and extending these findings to boys.Following this research, Chapter 6 qualitatively explored adolescents’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their use of SNS during this time. Adolescents aged 12-15 years old (N = 30) took part in a fully-structured online survey or a semi-structured one-to-one virtual interview. The thematic analysis produced novel findings in relation to adolescents’ experience of this time, providing in-depth accounts of how and why adolescents found it difficult to adjust to the pandemic and associated lockdown. Adolescents reflected on a number of positives of using SNS during the pandemic, for example the ability to connect with others and learn new skills and hobbies, yet they also reflected on a number of negative implications which made this time more challenging, for example noticing increased appearance related content and the way this impacted their own view of their body. The results support the implementation of social media literacy techniques, highlighting adolescents’ experiences of utilising their learning from media literacy lessons, and also suggest some of the areas adolescents may need further support as they move out of the pandemic.Finally, Chapter 7 assessed adolescent experiences of SNS use and the associations between body image, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning at two distinct timepoints; pre-COVID-19, and during COVID-19. This study (N = 365) aimed to further explore how SNS use is associated with body image concerns, wellbeing, and psychosocial functioning by quantitatively exploring the experiences of adolescents aged 11 – 16 over two distinct timepoints. The results demonstrated novel yet mixed findings regarding the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents, with internalisation of muscular ideals increasing over time for boys, whereas drive for thinness decreased over time for boys. Findings for girls were mixed, with loneliness increasing over time, but negative affect decreasing, highlighting the complexity of this time for adolescents. Additionally, the models that were tested in Chapter 5 were retested, although these models remained relatively stable over the two timepoints these findings highlighted some of the ways these relationships vary during different social environments, in general there were stronger mediation effects at Time 2 (during COVID-19), compared to Time 1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
'You're talking about all these things you're doing … it is just seen as the norm': exploring young people's perspectives on disclosing their own use of harmful behaviour
Get PDFExisting research into adolescent dating abuse demonstrates that young people experiencing harm are most likely to confide in their friends, but far less is known about the disclosure habits of young people instigating harm. This paper explores the findings from a mixed-methods study relating to whom young people would speak to about their own use of behaviour they describe as harmful and why. Data were collected through a mixed-methods survey responded to by 749 young people aged 11–25, and through semistructured interviews with 11 young people aged 17–23. Analysis of this data identified closest friends as the group young people felt most likely to confide in, mirroring the literature on young victims, followed by their partners/the person they are seeing and a therapist/counsellor. Findings showed these individuals were chosen due to the young person feeling comfortable talking to them about this topic, believing their disclosure would remain confidential and feeling they would offer a nonjudgemental response. This paper outlines the need for a systemic response to abuse in young people's relationships, which is centred around improved relationship literacy for young people themselves and across society. It also highlights some practical implications focused on ensuring young people have adequate support and guidance in place to navigate early romantic/dating relationships. These findings offer some direction for where to focus resources and support, as well as some guidance around approaches that may encourage disclosures from young people instigating harm
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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