1,720,962 research outputs found
Study of circulating immune complexes in thyroid disease. Comparison of Raji cell RIA and specific thyroglobulin-anti-thyroglobulin radioassay
No full textCirculating soluble immune complexes (ICs) were studied by Raji cell RIA in a series of patients with and without thyroid disorders. Clearly elevated IC levels (>41.2 εgeq/ml; i.e. >3 SD above the mean value of the normal controls) were found in 3 of 18 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 4 of 39 with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and in none of 21 patients with Graves' disease as well as in none of 21 normal healthy controls. Thyroglobulin (Tg) was not found in the ICs bound to Raji cells when sought by a sensitive radiolabeled antibody technique. Furthermore, experiments carried out with radiolabeled Tg-anti- Tg ICs (Tg-ICs) obtained by mixing Tg with homologous (Hashimoto's sera) antibody revealed that homologous Tg-ICs did not bind to Raji cells, while the ICs prepared from heterologous (rabbit) antibody did bind.
Tg-ICs were also assayed in the same sera and in additional samples from 29 normal controls and 12 patients with Graves' disease by a recently developed specific immunoradiometric assay (Takeda, Y., and J. P. Kriss, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 44: 46, 1977). Lower levels of Tg-ICs (22–262 ng⁄ml) than those detectable by Raji cell RIA were shown in 5.5‰ of the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 38.2‰ of those with Graves' disease, and 33.2‰ of those with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. No correlation was found between these results and the IC levels assessed by Raji cell RIA.
Our data suggest that both Tg-ICs and complexes unrelated to Tg are present in sera of patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders and thyroid carcinoma. The ICs detected by the Raji cell method must not contain Tg, since 1) they occur in patients who are negative by the specific Tg-IC assay, 2) they are present in concentrations nearly 1000-fold higher than Tg-ICs, 3) Tg cannot be detected in the ICs bound to the Raji cells, and 4) Tg- ICs prepared from human antibody did not bind to Raji cells. The possible pathogenic role of these substances remains to be established. The failure of Tg-ICs to fix complement (and thus bind to Raji cells) may explain why IC disease is not a characteristic feature of autoimmune thyroid diseas
Comparison of complement fixation and radioassay techniques to detect solubilized human thyroid microsomal antigenic activity
No full textAlthough recently the human thyroid microsomal antigen (M-Ag) has been possibly identified as the thyroid peroxidase, its nature remained unknown over almost three decades. One of the difficulties encountered in the identification of M-Ag derived from the conflicting data obtained in the attempts to solubilize active antigenic material from thyroid subcellular fractions. In particular, following detergent treatment, M-Ag could not be detected by complement fixation, while a full recovery of the antigen has been observed using a radioassay technique. In the present investigation, the antigenic activity of Triton X-100 solubilized thyroid microsomes was assessed in parallel by complement fixation and radioassay methods employing the same anti-microsomal antibody (anti-M Ab) preparation for antigen detection. In untreated microsomes antigenic activity was detected by both methods. In contrast, detergent solubilized M-Ag was detected by radioassay, but could not be detected by complement fixation. These data indicate that detergent solubilization diminishes the complement fixing capacity of M-Ag, while the solubilized antigen can still be fully detected by its binding reaction with the autoantibody, and explain the discrepant results obtained in previous studie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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