1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Charakterisierung des TGF-beta-Signalosoms und der TGF-beta-abhängigen Zellproliferation des Endometriums
Get PDFEndometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like cells outside the uterus mostly in the ovary and peritoneum. TGF-betas are expressed significantly higher in the serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. TGF-betas have been also observed in endometriotic sites. Thus, TGF-betas might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the signaling pathways of the TGF-betas and possible cross-talks with other pathways. Also, we investigated the interaction of the TGF-betas to their receptors. In this study, we used four different cell lines including endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines, endometriotic epithelial and stromal cell lines and primary endometrial stromal cells. Also, endometrial and ovarian tissues were used. Our results showed that in all four cell lines and primary cells studied: (1) TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 decreased cell numbers in all cells and the reduction was higher in endometrial cells compared to endometriotic cells, (2) TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 induced apoptosis in all cells with no significant differences between endometrial or endometriotic cells, (3) TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 induced Smad3 phosphorylation in all cells studied with higher phosphorylation levels observed in endometrial cells compared to endometriotic cells, (4) a TbetaRI inhibitor completely blocked the TGF-beta-induced reduction in cell numbers, apoptosis, PAI-1 secretion and Smad3 phosphorylation. A Smad3 inhibitor only partly blocked it. (5) TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 increased TBRII and TBRIII or TBRI and TBRII interaction with a stronger interaction observed in endometrial cells compared to endometriotic cells. (6) A BMP as well as an ALK-2 inhibitor completely blocked the TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 secretion. In contrast, ALK-3 and ALK-6 inhibitors only partly blocked it. (7) A JNK inhibitor blocked increased secretion of TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta1 in TGF-beta1-treated cells. (8) Both endometrial glands and ovarian endometriotic foci express CK 18 and MUC1 proteins.From these results, we suppose that the reduced responsiveness upon TGF-beta treatment observed in endometriotic cells compared to endometrial cells in regard to reduction in cell numbers, Smad3 phosphorylation and TBR receptor interaction indicates that endometriotic cells are more resistant to TGF-beta signals. This suggests that endometriotic cells might acquire tumor-like characteristics which might contribute to their survival, evasion of the immune system and subsequent implantation during the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In addition, we provided evidence that endometriotic cells have possibly the same origin from endometrial cells and thus are disseminated like tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that endometrial and endometriotic cells undergo apoptosis upon TGF-beta treatment and both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are involved. In addition, we demonstrated the participation of the JNK and BMP pathways in TGF-beta signaling in endometrial, endometriotic and primary endometrial stromal cells. These findings might provide new insights into the roles of TGF-betas in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. However, more studies are needed on BMP and JNK pathways in TGF-beta signaling in endometrial, endometriotic and primary cells to elucidate the connection between BMP or JNK with TGF-beta since our study only gave a first glimpse into involvement in TGF-beta signaling in endometrial, endometriotic and primary endometrial stromal cells.Endometriose ist charakterisiert durch die Anwesenheit von endometrium-ähnlichen Zellen ausserhalb des Uterus meistens im Ovar und im Peritoneum. TGF-betas sind signifikant stärker exprimiert im Serum und Peritonealflüssigkeit von Patienten mit Endometriose. TGF-betas wurden auch beobachtet an endometriotischen Stellen und könnten deshalb in der Pathogenese der Endometriose involviert sein. Das Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Signalwege der TGF-betas und mögliche Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Signalwegen. Ebenso analysierten wir die Interaktion der TGF-betas mit ihren Rezeptoren. In dieser Studie nutzten wir vier verschiedene Zelllinien eingeschlossen endometriale epitheliale und stromale Zelllinien, endometriotische epitheliale and stromale Zelllinien und primäre endometriale stromale Zellen. Ebenso wurden endometriale und ovarielle Gewebe verwendet. Unsere Resultate zeigten in allen untersuchten vier Zelllinien und den primären Zellen: (1) TGF-beta1 oder TGF-beta2 verminderten die Zellzahlen in allen Zelllinien und die Reduktion war höher in den endometrialen Zelllinien verglichen mit den endometriotischen Zelllinien, (2) TGF-beta1 oder TGF-beta2 induzierten die Apoptose in allen Zelllinien mit keinem signifikanten Unterschied zwischen endometrialen oder endometriotischen Zellen, (3) TGF-beta1 oder TGF-beta2 induzierten die Phosphorylierung von Smad3 in allen untersuchten Zellen mit höheren Phoshorylierungsspiegeln in endometrialen Zellen verglichen zu endometriotischen Zellen, (4) ein TbetaRI Inhibitor blockierte komplett die TGF-beta-induzierte Reduktion der Zellzahlen, der Apoptose, der PAI-1 Sekretion und der Smad3 Phosphorylierung. Ein Smad3 Inhibitor dagegen blockierte nur teilweise. (5) TGF-beta1 oder TGF-beta2 erhöhten die Interaktion von TBRII mit TBRIII oder von TBRI mit TBRII mit einer stärkeren Interaktion in den endometrialen Zellen verglichen mit den endometriotischen Zellen. (6) Ein BMP als auch ein ALK-2 Inhibitor inhibierte vollständig die TGF-beta-induzierte PAI-1 Sekretion. Im Gegensatz dazu blockierten ein ALK-3 oder ein ALK-6 Inhibitor nur teilweise. (7) Ein JNK Inhibitor blockierte die erhöhte Sekretion von TGF-beta2 und TGF-beta1 in TGF-beta1-behandelten Zellen. (8) Sowohl endometriale Drüsen als auch ovarielle endometriotische Foci exprimieren die Proteine CK 18 und MUC1.Ausgehend von diesen Resultaten vermuten wir, dass die reduzierte Responsivität nach TGF-beta Stimulation beobachtet in endometriotischen Zellen im Vergleich zu endometrialen Zellen bezüglich Reduktion der Zellzahlen, der Smad3 Phosphorylierung und TBR Rezeptor Interaktion darauf hinweist, dass endometriotische Zellen resistenter gegenüber TGF-beta Signalen sind. Das deutet daraufhin, dass endometriotische Zellen möglicherweise Tumor-ähnliche Eigenschaften erwerben, die beitragen zu ihrem Überleben, Umgehen des Immunsystems und der nachfolgenden Implantation während der Pathogenese der Endometriose. Zusätzlich zeigten wir, dass endometriotische Zellen möglicherweise alle von endometrialen Zellen abstammen und sich deshalb wie Tumorzellen ausbreiten. Des weiteren zeigten wir erstmalig, dass endometriale und endometriotische Zellen die Apoptose einleiten nach Stimulation mit TGF-betas und daran sowohl der intrinsische als auch der extrinsische Weg beteiligt sind. Ebenso konnten wir zeigen, dass es eine Beteiligung des JNK und BMP Signalwegs beim TGF-beta Signalweg gibt in endometrialen, endometriotischen und primären endometrialen stromalen Zellen. Diese Befunde erlauben möglichwerweise neue Einblicke in die Rolle der TGF-betas in der Pathophysiologie der Endometriose. Dennoch sind mehr Studien zu den BMP und JNK Signalwegen in endometrialen, endometriotischen und primären Zellen nötig um die Zusammenhänge zwischen BMP oder JNK mit den TGF-betas aufzuklären, weil unsere Studie nur einen ersten Eindruck in die Beteiligung der TGF-ß Signalwege in endometrialen, endometriotischen und primären endometrialen stromalen Zellen vermitteln konnte
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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