1,721,094 research outputs found
Aggressive fibromatosis in children: a changing approach
No full textDesmoid tumor, also known as aggressive fibromatosis (AF), is a rare monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation arising in musculoaponeurotic structures. AF is a tumor of intermediate malignancy, with a strong potential for local invasiveness and recurrence. The treatment of choice for these tumors has been changing all the time and may involve surgery, radiotherapy and/or systemic approaches. Surgery generally used to be considered the mainstay of treatment for AF, its goal preferably being a microscopically complete resection with histologically free margins. Mutilating surgery or procedures causing significant loss of function and/or chronic symptoms should be avoided. Involvement of surgical margins is probably associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Postoperative radiotherapy could be used in cases with positive margins after surgery, or to avoid mutilating surgery in cases of inoperable or inaccessible disease. Postoperative radiotherapy has been reported to raise local disease control to a level similar to that of complete resection, but is associated with a relatively high rate of complications. Systemic treatment may be indicated in case of locally-advanced disease. Several risk factors for local recurrence have been investigated and include: young age, large size, presentation as recurrence, girdles or intra-abdominal location, involved surgical margins, and beta-catenin-activating mutations. Recently collected data prompted the suggestion that these tumors warrant a wait-and-see strategy (clinical-radiological observation, without any treatment), since their natural history is often characterized by lengthy periods of stability or even regression, considering to treat only patients with progressing or symptomatic disease.
PubMed ID: 2190906
Aggressive fibromatosis in children: a changing approach.
No full textDesmoid tumor, also known as aggressive fibromatosis (AF), is a rare monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation arising in musculoaponeurotic structures. AF is a tumor of intermediate malignancy, with a strong potential for local invasiveness and recurrence. The treatment of choice for these tumors has been changing all the time and may involve surgery, radiotherapy and/or systemic approaches. Surgery generally used to be considered the mainstay of treatment for AF, its goal preferably being a microscopically complete resection with histologically free margins. Mutilating surgery or procedures causing significant loss of function and/or chronic symptoms should be avoided. Involvement of surgical margins is probably associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Postoperative radiotherapy could be used in cases with positive margins after surgery, or to avoid mutilating surgery in cases of inoperable or inaccessible disease. Postoperative radiotherapy has been reported to raise local disease control to a level similar to that of complete resection, but is associated with a relatively high rate of complications. Systemic treatment may be indicated in case of locally-advanced disease. Several risk factors for local recurrence have been investigated and include: young age, large size, presentation as recurrence, girdles or intra-abdominal location, involved surgical margins, and beta-catenin-activating mutations. Recently collected data prompted the suggestion that these tumors warrant a wait-and-see strategy (clinical-radiological observation, without any treatment), since their natural history is often characterized by lengthy periods of stability or even regression, considering to treat only patients with progressing or symptomatic disease.
PubMed ID: 2190906
Fertility Preservation in Pediatric Oncology Patients: New Perspectives
No full textOver the past 30 years, advances in antineoplastic treatment led to a significant increase in the survival of patients with childhood cancer. In Europe and the United States, 82% of children, adolescents, and young adults survive 5 years from the cancer diagnosis and the majority achieves long-term survival into adulthood. The impact of cancer therapy on fertility is related to the age of the patient and to the duration, dose/intensity, and type of treatment. Exposure to chemotherapy or to radiation to gonads or pituitary brings long-term complications of cancer-directed therapies that include effects on reproductive capacity. Different methods to preserve fertility can be offered. In prepubertal women, ovarian tissue freezing, in vitro maturation, and surgical movement of ovaries outside the field of irradiation are still experimental. In pubertal and postpubertal women, oocyte-embryo freezing is an established option. In men, the options are sperm cryopreservation, gonadal transposition, and testicular tissue or spermatogonial cryopreservation and reimplantation. Fertility risks and provision of strategies to minimize cancer treatment impact fertility include discussion of the tail of the option before cancer treatment. Having to make a decision in a limited time, while still coming to terms with a potentially life-threatening diagnosis, can cause patients to feel overwhelmed. To date, there are no uniform guidelines on how to approach this problem, so it is important to be aware of it for proper clinical practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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