1,720,967 research outputs found
A toolbox for the use of electromagnetic induction technology and quasi-3D inversion to determine the spatial heterogeneity of soil texture and moisture in forested catchments
No full textForest soils are critical to forest health and productivity, and by recognising their spatial heterogeneity, we can optimise productivity and preserve our natural resources in the face of a changing climate. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) technology provides a repeatable, non-destructive, and cost-effective approach to studying soil heterogeneity in managed forests. Electromagnetic induction technology has proven its versatility in agricultural settings to map soil texture, moisture and crop productivity and geological and archaeological exploration to identify underground natural and anthropogenic structures. Yet, the application in forests has been limited, and it is essential to understand the impact of soil and environmental factors on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) if attempting to use this EMI technology in a forested environment. The overarching aim of this thesis was to determine if EMI can be used in a forested environment, focusing on two contrasting Pinus radiata D. Don production forests to capture the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. Furthermore, this thesis can serve as a 'toolbox' for measurement protocols and analysis for forest owners interested in low-cost, time-efficient methods of understanding microsite heterogeneity in their forest soils to guide management practices. The research addressed the three main questions: The impact of various environmental factors on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), the ability of ECa to characterise soil texture and moisture across forested catchments, and the effectiveness of quasi-3D inversion software in capturing the spatial heterogeneity of forest soils in three dimensions.
To answer the first question, measurements were taken on forest litter thickness, gravimetric water content, density, soil temperature, ambient temperature, instrument temperature, and instrument voltage. The study found no significant linear relationship between ECa and these environmental factors, indicating that a correction factor for drift in ECa caused by temperature and voltage variations was not required. The insulating effect of forest soils, the forest canopy, and the instrument's housing played a role in maintaining stability. In addition, there was no significant effect of the presence or absence of forest litter on ECa, which was most likely due to the structure and makeup of forest litter, indicating that EMI technology could predict soil properties without considering the effect of forest litter.
Questions two and three aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using apparent electrical conductivity and modelled electrical conductivity (ECm) as predictors for soil properties, including gravimetric water content (GWC), the electrical conductivity of a 1-part soil to 5-part water solution (ECe1:5), and the percentages of clay (CLAY), fine sand (FSAND), and medium sand particles (MSAND). Firstly, generalised linear mixed-effects models (GLMERs) were employed to assess the measured variables' main effects and interaction effects on ECa and ECm and the within and between site variability as a random effect. The GLMERs demonstrated that incorporating multiple predictor variables reduced unexplained variability, with specific interactions, such as GWC and ECe1:5, playing crucial roles in explaining ECm variability at particular depths. However, multicollinearity issues were observed, primarily driven by the GWC-ECe1:5 interaction. The study also discussed the findings of 3D inversion maps of ECm, which provided detailed insights into spatial distribution patterns, particularly when overlaid with topographic and soil variable data. Secondly, one-dimension and three-dimensional maps were produced and overlaid onto base maps of each catchment to identify spatial patterns within each catchment related to soil texture and moisture using standard kriging in Arc GIS Pro software and custom EM4Soil software designed to interpolate one-dimensional ECa measurements into three dimensions.
Finally, the research delved into the implications of these findings for forest owners and their management practices. It emphasised that while ECa technology is a valuable tool in predicting forest soil heterogeneity, it should not be used in isolation, and soil sampling and validation remain essential. The study recommended using EMI as a time and cost-effective tool for understanding soil heterogeneity, offering repeatable and non-destructive measurements for informed land use decisions. Overlaying spatial maps with additional geospatial data was recommended to comprehensively understand soil variability within catchments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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