1,721,019 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Construction of New Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) System for Solid-Solution Interface Biomaterials
Get PDF総合研究大学院大学博士（理学）The study of protein-surface interactions represents one of the most important topics in the field of biomaterials. The immobilization of proteins on solid surfaces is an important step in biosensor fabrication as well as medical devices. Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the determination of conformation and orientation of lipids and proteins including membrane proteins, and of antibody-antigen reactions on solid surfaces. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is one of the FT-IR techniques for determination of biomaterials on IR reflective metals, and very few IRRAS systems are found to determine the adsorbate at solid-solution interfaces. For my doctoral research work, I have constructed a new narrow gap infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (NG-IRRAS) system with a prism/narrow solution layer/substrate arrangement, to which substrates for biosensors and biochips can be directly attached. Advantages of this new NG-IRRAS system over other conventional-IR systems are i) different IR reflective materials can be used as a substrate ii) having a sufficient large gap (〜8 μm ) to flow reagent solution, and iii) a solution injection system is included to introduce reagent solution onto the sample substrate from outside. Another advantage of this IRRAS system is that this system can easily be rearranged to vacuum IRRAS system. There were two problems to be solved for the standardization of this NG-IRRAS system, i) the baseline was fluctuated due to the change of solution layer thickness, and ii) sample biomaterials was adsorbed on prism surface. In the first stage of my PhD work, I constructed the new NG-IRRAS system and investigated the conditions for the flat and stable baseline. Firstly, it was found that baseline was fluctuated due to the change of solution layer thickness. I developed a new sample holder for controlling the solution layer thickness between the prism and substrate surfaces (Fig. 1). (*Fig. 1 was abbreviated.)Thermal effects, adsorbed water on the entrance of optical components, bubbles in solution, and injection flow rate were considered as factors which distorted the baseline. I have investigated the experimental conditions and found that the following procedures are crucial for the stability of the baseline: i) evacuation of the sample chamber at least for 6 h was necessary to minimize the adsorbed water vapor effect,ii) injection flow rate was kept less then 2 mL/h, iii) room temperature fluctuation was controlled within 1°C, and iv) Ni spacer thickness was 8 μm. After the standardization of the NG-IRRAS, I started the IRRAS measurement of solid surfaces in three different conditions. i) The observation of CaF2 prism surface in total internal reflection (TIR) mode to investigate the adsorbed biomaterials on prism surface. ii) The observation of biomaterials adsorbed at the interface between the sample substrate and solutions. Two IR-reflective substrates, Si wafer with buried metal layer (BML) and gold were used. iii) The observation of adsorbed biomaterials on the solid surface in vacuum. Fibronectin (FN) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were selected for observation at solid-solution interface. But, during the experiments, IR absorbance from the adsorbed biomaterials on the prism surface overlapped the IRRAS spectra of the biomaterials on the sample substrate. Thus, I controlled the adsorption of biomaterials on the prism surface by regulating the effects of salt and pH of the solution and by coating the CaF2 prism with 2-methoxy-(polyethylene) oxypropyltrimethoxysilane (PEG). Interestingly, the adsorption tendency on the prism surface was completely opposite with salt effects between these two biomaterials (Fig. 2). (*Fig. 2(a),(b) were abbreviated.) FN is easily adsorbed on SiO2 surface and often used as an extra cellular matrix in the cell culture on SiO2 substrates. Therefore, FN was chosen in this work to detect at BML-solution interface. I have investigated the condition, in which FN adsorbed only on the BML surface, but not on the PEG-coated prism surface. I found that FN adsorbed on the prism surface in D2O based phosphate buffered saline (PBS)solution, but ignorable adsorbed FN was found on the PEG-coated prism surface when pure D2O was used in the experiment (Fig. 2a). The IRRAS of adsorbed FN was observed at BML-D2O interface using this condition. The protein amide I band appear in the range of 1600 - 1700 cm-1 assigned to the C=O stretching. The fine structure in the amide I supplies the information of the protein secondary structure, because the peak shift of υ (C=O) due to the hydrogen bonding characteristics of the secondary structure, e.g. υ (C=O) of β-sheet at 1613 -1638 cm-1, α-helix at 1645 - 1657 cm-1 , and β-turn at 1662 -1683 cm-1. The amide I band of FN was observed at approximately 1637 cm-1 (β sheet) with shoulders around 1671 and 1683 cm-1 (β-turn)(Fig. 3a). (*Fig. 3(a).(b) were abbreviated.) The ignorable conformational change of FN was found due to the adsorption on BML-D2O interface. Immobilization of IgG on gold is an active research field for designing immunosensor for medical diagnostic purpose. The adsorption state of the IgG at the gold-solution interface was investigated by the NG-IRRAS. IgG was adsorbed on gold surfaces i.e. coated by the 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA)-SAM and by the MHA-SAM activated by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). It was also found that IgG was easily adsorbed on the PEG-coated prism surface in pure D2O, while IgG adsorption on the PEG-coated CaF2 surface was suppressed sufficiently in NaCl/D2O (140 mM) and D2O based PBS solutions (Fig. 2b). I chose D2O based PBS solution containing 140 mM NaCl for IRRAS measurement of IgG at the gold-solution interface. The IR spectra showed that IgG easily adsorbed on the MHA-SAM coated and activated-MHA-SAM coated gold surfaces. The conformation change of the IgG adsorbed on the MHA-SAM coated gold surface was ignorable when the IRRAS spectrum was compared with the FT-IR spectra of IgG dissolved in solution. Absorption spectra at the amide I band region of the IgG in the solution phase and at the solid-solution interface were measured with good reproducibility. The amide I band of the IgG molecule covalently bonded to the MHA-SAM (Fig. 3b) was quite similar to that of the IgG on the MHA-SAM coated gold surface. The covalent bond is formed between the COOH-terminated MHA-SAM and the lysine residue of the IgG. Because of lysine residue distributes almost homogeneously on the IgG surface, the covalently bonded IgG had random orientation similar to the physisorbed IgG on MHA-SAM coated gold surface. After the solid-solution interface IRRAS experiments, the same substrates were examined in the vacuum IRRAS. The amide I band shape was significantly different from that in the solution for both FN and IgG. This change of amide band is due to the denaturation of the proteins during the removal of water from the substrate surface. As a whole, I have succeeded for the first time in constructing a new NG-IRRAS system having 8 μm gap to flow reagent solution for monitoring the chemical reaction. A specially designed sample holder is used to keep the gap constant during the injection of the reagent solution within a certain injection speed. Adsorption of proteins on the prism surface, which interferes with precise measurement, is suppressed using PEG-coating of the prism surface and controlling the solution pH and the effects of the salt. The amide I bands of the IgG molecules dissolved in the solution and covalently bonded to the COOH-terminated SAM surface at solid-solution interface have been clearly recorded for the first time. This new IRRAS instrument can be easily applicable in the haracterization of different antibody-antigen reactions on IR-reflective metal surfaces in physiological condition.application/pdf総研大甲第1216号thesi
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Polypropylene melt-blown for electromagnetic shielding purposes
Get PDFProtože se elektrické a elektronické přístroje a příslušenství rychle vyvíjejí, je důležité přenášet elektromagnetickou energii prostřednictvím různých frekvenčních pásem používaných na trzích, omezovat a zabránit elektronickým zařízením ze všech zdrojů rušení. Štíty se často používají k izolaci z místnosti, zařízení, obvodu atd. Zdroje elektromagnetického záření externě nebo k zamezení škodlivých vnitřních emisí elektromagnetické energie. Jedním z hlavních problémů se zavedením elektrické a elektronické technologie ve světě je elektromagnetické rušení mezi zařízeními. Různí vědci a průmyslové podniky se intenzivně zajímali o řešení tohoto problému. Tabule jsou tradičně považovány za nejlepší elektromagnetický stínící materiál, ale jsou drahé, těžké, flexibilní a tepelně expandované. Používání elektronických a elektrických zařízení textilních předmětů je však vhodné, protože jsou lehké, univerzální a levnější. Vědci upozornili na různá řešení, včetně textilních výrobků a kompozitních textilií, které tyto textilní struktury zahrnují flexibilitu a shodu. Nežádoucí elektromagnetická emise v kombinaci se specifickým zdrojem záření EMI nebo přenos do okolního elektrického systému jsou elektrické signály. Tento šum, části cívek, digitální zařízení a dlouhé kabely stejnosměrného nebo střídavého proudu mohou být způsobeny elektromagnety. Při frekvencích, které mohou vysílat energii na rádiové frekvenci [1]. Feromagnetické materiály ve směsi s vlákny a textiliemi jsou nakonec elektricky vodivé a účinné při ochraně před elektromagnetickým zářením. Pro elektromagnetické stínění se stříbro, měď nebo nerezová ocel nejlépe kombinují se střižovými nebo filamentovými vlákny. Pro různé elektromagnetické stínění tkaniny kompozitní příze vyrobené ze směšování kovových a textilních vláken. Tkaní kovových přízí je více obtížné než kompozitních přízí. Vedení polymerních kompozitů může vytvořit lepší funkčnost. Navíc je kovové potahování netkaných textilií pro komerční použití nákladově efektivní. Tato práce popisuje studii vývoje kovového povlaku na netkané textilii pro účely elektromagnetického stínění.As electric and electronic devices and accessories are increasing rapidly, transmitting electromagnetic power through the different frequency bands used on the markets, restricting and preventing electronic equipment from all sources of interference has become important. Shields are often used for insulation from a room, equipment, circuit, etc. Electromagnetic radiation sources externally or to avoid harmful internal electromagnetic energy emissions. One of the main issues with the introduction of electrical and electronic technology in the world is electromagnetic interference between devices. Different scientists and industrial enterprises were keenly interested in seeking solutions to this problem. Table sheets are traditionally considered to be the best electromagnetic shielding material, but they are expensive, heavy, flexible, and thermally expanded. However, the use of electronic and electrical equipment of textile items is appropriate because they are lightweight, versatile, and cheaper. Researchers have drawn attention to various solutions, including textile products and composite textiles these textile structures include flexibility and conformity. Face Unwanted electromagnetic emission in combination with the specific EMI source radiation or transmittal to the surrounding electrical system is electrical signals. This noise, coil parts, digital devices and long DC or AC cables can be caused by Electromagnets. At frequencies that can emit energy on radio frequency [1]. Ferromagnetic materials in mix with fibres and textiles end up being electrically conducive and effective in protecting from electromagnetic radiation. For electromagnetic shielding silver, Copper or stainless steel are best combined with staple or filament fibres. For different electromagnetic shielding fabric composite yarns made from mixing metal and textile fibres. It's difficult to weave metallic yarns than the composite yarn. Conducting polymer composites can create better functionality. Moreover, metallic coating over nonwoven fabrics is cost-efficient for commercial use. This paper describes the study on developing metal coating over nonwoven fabric for electromagnetic shielding purposes
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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