1,721,008 research outputs found
Forestry in Bangladesh: An Overview
No full textBangladesh houses a substantial amount of forests. People extract a range of goods and services from the forests. Although the accounted contribution of the forests in the national economy is reasonable, the social and ecological importance is immense. Although the Bangladesh government has taken several initiatives to protect them, the forests are being depleted due to many reasons. It is believed that in future, the degradation will he aggravated because of increasing population and persistent poverty. Demand for environmental goods will rise but will not be met because of continued forest degradation. In such situations multistakeholder-based conservation and forest extension activities are necessary to better manage the sector
An overview of mangrove management strategies in three South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka
No full textMangroves in South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka are unique in terms of their extent, variability and biodiversity. The world's single largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans, is present in this region. These countries are also exposed to catastrophic events such as tsunami and tropical cyclones against which mangroves can act as a barrier depending on their location and condition. The countries also share a common forest management history and face similar socio-economic challenges of protecting the remaining natural mangroves. Perhaps due to these factors the countries have some common elements in mangrove management, such as choice of silvicultural system, protection of existing natural forests, people's participation, ICZM approach, biodiversity conservation, zoning, promotion of non-exploiting uses, plantation for land reclamation and water infrastructure protection. In this paper, an overview of these management strategies has been provided in order to identify the main legal and management challenges. Changes in the silviculture system, adoption of ecosystem management approaches, revision of forest laws, and regional cooperation have been advocated to improve mangrove management
View Point: How can revenues from natural resources extraction be more efficienlty utilized for local sustainable development?
No full textNo description availabl
From timber management to forest management: an initial discussion on forest management evolution
No full textForests have been subject to human intervention since the inception of human civilization. With enhanced knowledge, understanding and capacity humans exert an increasing pressure and influence on forests. Forests in general have undergone different ownership patterns. The requirements for forests have changed over time. The objectives of forest management are shifting from timber production to biodiversity conservation and nature protection. On the other hand, in many places the forests are dwindling due to the anthropic pressure. The management paradigms are changing in response to these triggering mechanisms. In this paper an attempt has been made to summarize the evolution of forest management practices and discuss some recent trends in forest management
Functions and development of reforested mangrove areas: A review
No full textMangroves are forested wedand ecosystems found along saline, tidal coastlines of the tropics and sub-tropics. Mangroves provide many ecological goods and services to mankind. Like other natural ecosystems, mangrove ecosystems are declining in many countries. Mangrove losses lead to decreased biodiversity, with subsequent declines in ecosystem services. Recognising the decrease of mangrove coverage and associated loss of ecosystem services, many countries have begun mangrove rehabilitation and restoration programmes. However, the extent to which ecological function is recovered in replanted mangroves is not well understood. This review synthesises available information to highlight key gaps in understanding of the functions and ecological development of planted mangroves
Conservation and management of the Bangladesh coastal ecosystem: overview of an integrated approach
No full textAlthough the coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh contains a highly functional and structurally diverse ecology, this ecology is gradually being degraded. As a consequence, the quality of life of a large section of the coastal community is in economic decline. This poses a daunting challenge to the sectoral coastal management programmes, active since the 1960s, aiming at simultaneously ameliorating people's livelihood and supporting the ecosystem. These programmes have been reasonably successful in managing the ecosystem, but in many cases, the situation has become worse. The limitations of these programmes include the tendency to adopt an exclusionist approach, a narrowly departmentalized administration and weak management. Currently, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach is espoused as the main strategy. With the adoption of Bangladesh's Coastal Zone Policy of 2005, the foundation for integrated management was laid. The next realistic target will be to bring about changes in culture and mandate among coastal institutions in favour of integrated management. © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2006 United Nations
Protecting the Sundarbans: An Appraisal of National and International Environmental Laws
No full textThe Sundarbans, the world’s largest continuous mangrove forest, stretches over two neighbouring countries — Bangladesh and India — and spans an area of about 10 000 square kilometers. The ecosystem is a major terrestrial transboundary ecoregion with great ecological and economic importance. To protect this valuable ecosystem both countries have undertaken various administrative and legislative measures, which have stemmed from legislative developments under the British regime. The countries have also signed many international conservation agreements and treaties. Through declaring world heritage sites and Ramsar sites they have expressed their global commitment to protect the Sundarbans. However, in spite of such legislative coverage, the ecosystem is degrading rapidly for various reasons. This article reviews the national and international legal regimes that are intended to protect the ecosystem and finds that the existing national legislations suffer from some major limitations. These include lack of comprehensive wetland laws, absence of legal definitions covering ecological attributes or processes, absence of environmental impact assessment of forest resource extraction activities and conflict between trade and export policies. International agreements provide some conservation guidelines. However, how far these guidelines are implemented depends on the willingness and capacity of the two countries involved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
