1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Roles of diet, physical activity, sedentary time and the gut-microbiome in cognitive and executive functioning development during early life
Full text linkSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-12-01The student, Arden McMath, accepted the attached license on 2023-08-31 at 11:44.The student, Arden McMath, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2023-08-31 at 11:52.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2023-09-08 at 19:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19820 on 2024-03-01 at 13:47:46Executive function (EF), defined as cognitive processes pertinent to the regulation of goal-directed behaviors, may have immediate consequences for academic achievement and lasting consequences for success in adulthood 1,2. Early childhood is a key time for development of EF3, and may be impacted by diet4 and physical activity 4, and the transition towards an adult-like gastrointestinal microbiome 5. The objective of this research is to define how diet (Studies 2, 3, 4), physical activity (Study 2), screen time (a proxy for sedentary time) (Study 2), and gastrointestinal microbiome composition (Studies 1 and 5) influence EF development. Parents from the STRONG Kids 2 cohort study (n= 468) completed surveys about their child’s EF, physical activity, diet and screen time at 24, 36 and 48-mo. Child fecal samples were also collected as these timepoints for microbiota analyses. Children were recruited for sub-study at 4 or 5-yo (n= 94), involving objective assessments of EF and academic achievement. Study 1. Evidence from animal models or children with neurodevelopmental disorders has implicated the gut microbiome in neurocognitive development. However, even subclinical impairment of cognition can have negative consequences, as cognition serves as the foundation for skills necessary to succeed in school, vocation and socially. Study 1 aimed to identify gut microbiome characteristics or changes in gut microbiome characteristics that consistently associate with cognitive outcomes in healthy, neurotypical infants and children. Of the 1,520 articles identified in the search, 23 were included in qualitative synthesis after applying exclusion criteria. Most studies were cross-sectional and focused on behavior or motor and language skills. Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Clostridia, Prevotella, and Roseburia were related to these aspects of cognition across several studies. While these results support the role of gut microbiome in cognitive development, higher quality studies focused on more complex cognition are needed to understand the extent to which the gut microbiome contributes to cognitive development. Study 2. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that healthy weight status and adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for diet and physical activity would extend to greater EF at age 24 months. Parents of 24-month-old children from the STRONG Kids 2 cohort study (n = 352) completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Preschoolers (BRIEF-P) and reported physical activities, diet, and screen time. Toddlers met AAP guidelines if they consumed at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables, were physically active, refrained from sugar-sweetened beverages, and limited daily screen time to -.351, R2>.115, FDR-adjusted p-value=0.028). A diet pattern higher in grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 24-months was related to greater incongruent Flanker accuracy (=-.380, R2=.132, FDR-adjusted p-value=0.030). Diet patterns that tracked from 2 to 4-years were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition, suggesting importance of early diet interventions to promote cognitive development. Study 5. Current studies exploring the impact of gut microbiome on cognitive development focus primarily on infant temperament, behavior, language skills and motor skills. Few studies are conducted in preschool age children, and even fewer focus on EFs or academic skills. Study 5 aimed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota diversity and microbial-derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on development of EFs on EFs and academic achievement using data from the longitudinal STRONGKids2 cohort. Overall EF was measured via 24 and 48-mo BRIEF-P surveys, and attentional inhibition via modified Eriksen flanker, cognitive flexibility via hearts and flowers switch task, and academic skills via the ECAD during preschool ages (48 and 72-months). Child fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing (24 and 48-mo) and VFA analysis via gas chromatography (24-mo and between 48 and 60-mo). Principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) was performed with weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance measures to describe beta diversity. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess relationships between VFA concentrations (n= 23 to 38) and alpha diversity metrics (n = 48 to 80) with cognitive functions. PERMANOVAs were utilized to assess differences in beta diversity based on cognitive performance (n = 48 to 80). All analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons using Benjamini-Hocheberg correction (BH). In models adjusted for maternal education, child sex, breastfeeding exclusivity at 6-wo, presence of siblings, being in school at time of cognitive assessments and dietary fiber intake, greater 24 and 48-mo alpha diversity were related to higher congruent condition accuracy of switch ( = 0.28 to 0.44, p = 0.001 to 0.026, q = 0.056 to 0.345) and Flanker tasks ( = 0.29 to 0.30, p = 0.0237 to 0.033, q = 0.345). Adjusted beta diversity analyses revealed that earlier (24-mo) community structure was associated with higher homogenous switch hearts (F = 1.35 to 2.75, p = 0.001 to 0.006, q = 0.030 to 0.090) and heterogenous switch accuracy (F = 1.23, p = 0.027, q = 0.270). Children with higher 48/60-mo acetate and butyrate concentrations had faster reaction times for both congruent conditions of the switch ( = -0.49 to -0.50, p = 0.006 to 0.007) and Flanker tasks ( = -0.45 to -0.51, p = 0.023 to 0.048). After BH, only relationships of cognitive outcomes with 24-mo community structure and relative abundances remained. Performance on homogenous hearts condition of the hearts and flowers task is likely a reflection of working memory, while the heterogenous task condition is intended to target cognitive flexibility skill. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the potential importance of 1) higher preschool-age alpha diversity and microbial-derived butyrate and acetate on working memory and 2) early (24-mo) gut microbiota composition on working memory and cognitive flexibility in preschool aged children. Limiting screen time, consuming a more healthful diet pattern, and the relative abundance of age-specific gut microbiome are related to better EF and cognition. These findings could inform future preventative and interventional efforts to ultimately improve success in school, vocational productivity, mental and physical health, and quality of life throughout childhood
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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