1,721,368 research outputs found
Space heating flexibility potential in British homes
No full textThis dataset quantifies heating flexibility potential in the current housing stock with a mean thermal time constant, mean thermal capacity, and the total number of households in each Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) and Data Zone (DZ) in Britain. The mean thermal capacity is calculated based on the mean number of rooms in each dwelling in each region from the 2011 Censuses, assuming 17.6 square meters of floor space per room and a medium heat capacity value of 250 kJ/m²ºC from the 2012 Standard Assessment Procedure. Thermal time constants are calculated based on the mean thermal capacity, as well as heat losses calculated from domestic gas consumption for space heating and heating degree days (HDDs) in each region. Mean domestic gas consumption in each region from the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is scaled to gas consumption for space heating using Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom data. HDDs are calculated based on HadGrid-UK gridded historical temperature data.
LSOAs and DZs are labeled with their LSOA code. This dataset is available in geoJSON form with geographic data for each region as well as a CSV without geographic information. This dataset was created in Python using the open-source GeoHeatFlex software: https://github.com/clairehalloran/GeoHeatFle
Global land surface dataset of Heating and Cooling Degree Days from a bias-corrected HadAM4-based temperature ensemble under 1.0ºC, 1.5ºC, and 2.0ºC climate scenarios.
No full textThis dataset contains global gridded maps of Heating Degree Days (HDD) and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) for three climate scenarios: a historical scenario corresponding to a global mean temperature rise of 1.0°C above pre-industrial levels (based on observations from 2006 to 2016), and two future climate projections for global mean temperature increases of 1.5°C and 2.0°C, respectively, regardless of when these thresholds are reached. HDD and CDD are widely used indicators to measure how much the mean temperature exceeds a reference temperature each day over a given period. They are widely used indicators to examine global temperature-related climate and quantify heating and cooling demand.
Five different maps of HDD and CDD are available for each scenario as NetCDF V4 files (*.nc). These maps relate to different annual statistical indices calculated using 70 climate simulations over a 10-year period: mean, median, 10th percentile, 90th percentile, and standard deviation. The novelty of this dataset lies in the combination of two factors: the representation of global mean temperature rise scenarios for 1.5°C and 2.0°C globally, regardless of when these occur; and the bias-corrected global climate dataset used to calculate HDD and CDD, which involves a large ensemble size at a high global spatio-temporal resolution.
Methods:
The global gridded statistical maps of HDD and CDD were calculated considering 18°C as the baseline temperature. First, the annual HDD and CDD were calculated for each simulated year of each scenario at all geographic locations (a total of 700 simulated years per scenario). Then, the statistical indices across this variability were obtained. Global gridded maps have a spatial resolution of 0.833° x 0.556° (longitude x latitude) over the land surface.
Climate data used:
These global gridded maps of CDD and HDD were calculated using bias-corrected global climate simulations for mean temperature generated using the HadAM4 Atmosphere-only General Circulation Model (AGCM) from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. Each scenario involved an ensemble of 70 individual members with 6-hourly mean temperatures at a horizontal resolution of 0.833 longitude and 0.556 latitude for a 10-year period (700 runs per scenario), aiming to ensure internal climate variability. These simulation experiments were run within the climateprediction.net (CPDN) climate simulation environment, using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) framework to distribute a large number of individual computational tasks. This system utilises the computational power of publicly volunteered computers that are globally distributed. The bias-corrected global climate dataset used to calculate these CDD and HDD maps is available at:
Lizana, J.; Miranda, N.D.; Sparrow, S.; Zachau-Walker, M.; Watson, P.; Wallom, D.C.H.; McCulloch, M. (2023): Large ensemble of global mean temperatures: 6-hourly HadAM4 model run data using the Climateprediction.net platform. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, 28 June 2023. doi:10.5285/9c41e3aa67024bbdad796290a861e96
Data repository for 'Understanding long-term energy use in off-grid solar home systems in sub-Saharan Africa'
No full textThis dataset contains hourly load demand time-series from 1,000 off-grid solar home systems deployed across sub-Saharan Africa. These systems typically power lighting, phone charging, fans, radios, and small televisions. Each column represents one household, with hourly consumption values (Wh) recorded for 391–1232 days. Further details are provided in the associated preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.1463
An insurance paradigm for improving power system resilience via distributed investment
Full text linkExtreme events, exacerbated by climate change, pose significant risks to the energy system and its consumers. However there are natural limits to the degree of protection that can be delivered from a centralised market architecture. Distributed energy resources provide resilience to the energy system, but their value remains inadequately recognized by regulatory frameworks. We propose an insurance framework to align residual outage risk exposure with locational incentives for distributed investment. We demonstrate that leveraging this framework in large-scale electricity systems could improve consumer welfare outcomes in the face of growing risks from extreme events via investment in distributed energy
On the Design of an Insurance Mechanism for Reliability Differentiation in Electricity Markets
Full text linkSecuring an adequate supply of dispatchable resources is critical for keeping
a power system reliable under high penetrations of variable generation.
Traditional resource adequacy mechanisms are poorly suited to exploiting the
growing flexibility and heterogeneity of load enabled by advancements in
distributed resource and control technology. To address these challenges this
paper develops a resource adequacy mechanism for the electricity sector
utilising insurance risk management frameworks that is adapted to a future with
variable generation and flexible demand. The proposed design introduces a
central insurance scheme with prudential requirements that align diverse
consumer reliability preferences with the financial objectives of an
insurer-of-last-resort. We illustrate the benefits of the scheme in (i)
differentiating load by usage to enable better management of the system during
times of extreme scarcity, (ii) incentivising incremental investment in
generation infrastructure that is aligned with consumer reliability preferences
and (iii) improving overall reliability outcomes for consumers.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
One-pot syntheses of pseudopteroxazoles from pseudopterosins : a rapid route to non-natural congeners with improved antimicrobial activity
No full textRapid one-pot methodologies to prepare pseudopteroxazole (1) and novel congeners from abundant natural pseudopterosins have been devised. This is highlighted here with the first synthesis of the marine natural product homopseudopteroxazole (2) utilizing a novel, silver(I)-mediated catechol to benzoxazole transformation. Pseudopteroxazoles and isopseudopteroxazoles exhibit potent activity against a range of important Gram-positive pathogens including Mycobacterium spp. and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Several non-natural pseudopteroxazoles exhibited strong activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, thereby displaying a broader spectrum of antibiotic activity compared to pseudopteroxazole
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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