1,721,352 research outputs found
The Intellectual and Practical Bases of the Application of RIS3 within EU Cohesion Policy
No full textSmart specialisation is the new policy approach to the development of regional innovation systems across Europe and it involves fostering innovative and entrepreneurial initiatives which are well tailored to the local context. The different technologies, skills profiles, business activities, institutions and sectors which reflect a region’s economic strengths and potential are to be fostered and encouraged to diversify in ways which also exploit the region’s linkages with broader global value-chains
The Intellectual and Practical Bases of the Application of RIS3 within EU Cohesion Policy
No full textSmart specialisation is the new policy approach to the development of regional innovation systems across Europe and it involves fostering innovative and entrepreneurial initiatives which are well tailored to the local context. The different technologies, skills profiles, business activities, institutions and sectors which reflect a region’s economic strengths and potential are to be fostered and encouraged to diversify in ways which also exploit the region’s linkages with broader global value-chains
Human capital, higher education and graduate migration: an analysis of Scottish and Welsh students
No full textIn this paper we model the sequential migration behaviour of some 76,000 Scottish and Welsh students, from their domicile location to the location of their higher education and on to their employment location. We employ a probit model methodology to analyse the choice of the location of the university attended, whether inside or outside of Scotland or Wales. Then, within a GIS framework we estimate migration-on migration correlations and elasticities in order to identify the mobility effects of human-capital acquisition. Our results confirm the DaVanzo hypothesis that subsequent migration is related to previous migration, and also the Sjaastad-Becker hypothesis that higher human capital individuals are more geographically mobile. However, there are institutional differences between the two countries which mean that but the mobility effects of human-capital acquisition have to be interpreted carefully in the light of other economic, geographic and social influences
Human capital flows and regional knowledge assets: a simultaneous equation approach
No full textOur paper constructs a simultaneous equation model in order to investigate the relationship between interregional human capital knowledge flows and regional knowledge assets. With the aid of a GIS system, we model the simultaneous relationship between the interregional migration behaviour of British students and graduates from university and into employment, the knowledge assets of the regions, and the regions of employment of the graduates. Our results indicate that after controlling for the human-capital flows of students and graduates, there is little evidence in favour of direct spillovers between university research and regional innovation. Rather, the primary role of the university system appears to be as a conduit for bringing potential high quality undergraduate human capital into a region. We argue therefore that the migration effects of embodied human capital in Great Britain appear far more important than informal university-industry spillovers as an explanation of regional learning effects
The Covid-19 shock: the UK national and regional implications in the light of international evidence
No full textThis chapter examines how the covid-19 shock impacts on different types of spatial productivity transmission mechanisms. The chapter reviews the worldwide evidence and analyses regarding how the short-term impacts of covid-19 are likely to impact on the medium and long-term spatial evolution of the economy. Questions regarding urban structure and scale, commuting patterns, institutional alignment, and the spatial distribution of activities and investment are all being raised and these also pose major challenges for medium and long-term policy responses. We examine the insights arising from different parts of the world and assess how short-term decisions may impact on longer-term development trajectories. The implications of these shocks and short-term responses on long-term economic development policy frameworks are also examined both internationally and in the specific context of the UK.</p
Some evidence that women are more mobile than men: gender differences in U.K. graduate migration behaviour
No full textIn this paper we employ dichotomous, multinomial and conditional logit models to analyze the employment-migration behavior of some 380,000 U.K. university graduates. By controlling for a range of variables related to human capital acquisition and local economic conditions, we are able to distinguish between different types of sequential migration behavior from domicile to higher education and on to employment. Our findings indicate that U.K. female graduates are generally more migratory than male graduates. We suggest that the explanation for this result lies in the fact that migration can be used as a partial compensation mechanism for gender bias in the labor market
The Intellectual and Practical Bases of the Application of RIS3 within EU Cohesion Policy
No full textSmart specialisation is the new policy approach to the development of regional innovation systems across Europe and it involves fostering innovative and entrepreneurial initiatives which are well tailored to the local context. The different technologies, skills profiles, business activities, institutions and sectors which reflect a region’s economic strengths and potential are to be fostered and encouraged to diversify in ways which also exploit the region’s linkages with broader global value-chains
Employment growth in Italian local labour systems: issues of model specification and sectoral aggregation
No full textIn this paper we construct a model to estimate local employment growth in Italian local labour markets for the period 1991-2001. The model is constructed in a similar manner to the original models of Glaeser et al. (1992), Henderson et al. (1995) and Combes (2000). Our objective is to identify the extent to which the results estimated by these types of models are themselves sensitive to the model specification. In order to do this we extend the basic models by successively incorporating new explanatory variables into the model framework. In addition, and for the first time, we also estimate these same models at two different levels of sectoral aggregation, for the same spatial structure. Our results indicate that these models are highly sensitive to sectoral aggregation and classification and our results therefore strongly support the use of highly disaggregated data
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