1,721,036 research outputs found
"What I really needed was the truth". Exploring the information needs of people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
No full textBackgroundUnited Kingdom guidelines indicate individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) require information and education to support self management. This qualitative study explored the specific information requirements of patients with CRPS and provides insight into how health professionals can best provide this.MethodsFollowing informed consent, eight semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with adults living with CRPS. Participants were asked about their experience of receiving information since diagnosis and what information they would prefer to receive. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes related to the individuals’ experience of receiving information; ‘Facing the unknown’ describes how the participants reported little information was available and the impact of this. ‘The need to be an expert’ describes how they needed to be proactive to seek this information themselves. Three themes related to what information the individual would choose to receive; ‘Seeking the truth’ describes the need for knowledge, in particular accurate, honest information. ‘The shared experience’ describes the positive and negative aspects of sharing information with others experiencing CRPS. ‘Access to expertise’ describes the need for access to reliable information, resources and expertise.ConclusionThe reported lack of information resulted in a struggle for participants to understand their condition, access professional expertise and appropriate treatments. Health professionals require access to accurate information in order to share this with individuals with CRPS in a timely manner. Easily accessible and high quality patient resources to facilitate early referral for expertise are required. A central resource to identify local expertise would be valuable.<br/
"What I really needed was the truth": exploring the information needs of people with CRPS
No full textExploring the information needs of people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The research study asked people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) what type of information about the condition they would like to receive and how they would like to get this information. People with CRPS need information to help manage the condition however little research has looked at exactly what information is needed. This research study aimed to find out what type of information is needed and how health professionals can best provide this.Eight adults with CRPS took part in the study. They were all living in the UK. Telephone interviews took place following informed consent. The participants were asked about their experience of receiving information since diagnosis and what information they would like to receive. They were also asked how they would like to receive this information for example, via the internet or paper leaflets. The interviews were then studied and the researcher identified what particular information was wanted. This was then listed in a questionnaire which was sent to all eight participants, asking what information in the list they considered to be the most important to receive and in what form.The research study showed how the participants felt there was very little information available to them about CRPS. This meant that is was difficult to get help from experts in the condition. They described how they frequently had to find out information about CRPS themselves and often needed to take this information to health professionals who were not familiar with CRPS. The participants mostly used the internet to find out information about CRPS but this information was often confusing and difficult to find. They described wanting accurate, honest information about CRPS and the possible outcome of having the condition. They felt this would help them approach treatment in the right way. Talking to others with CRPS was described as sometimes being helpful but could also cause fear for the future. Being able to access reliable information was important and they would like to get this from health professionals directly. There was also a need for information on how to access specialists in CRPS.<br/
An evaluation of the Florence Nightingale Foundation scholarships
Full text linkThe Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity that awards scholarships in leadership, travel and research to nurses, midwives and other healthcare professionals to promote excellence in practice. The FNF offers mentoring support to scholars, and provides support with career development and writing articles for publication, in addition to the financial award. The leadership scholarships are bespoke: leadership scholars can access a range of development opportunities that are specially commissioned for them, and select their programme of study and experiences, based on their individual needs. All scholarships provide opportunities to represent the FNF and to meet other scholars at the FNF annual conference. This article provides an overview of the FNF scholarships, based on the findings of two evaluations that demonstrated the value of these scholarships in improving services for patients and carers, as well as enhancing the careers of individual scholars.</p
Systematic co-development and testing of a digital behaviour change intervention for osteoarthritis and physical activity: theoretical mapping and acceptability study
No full textObjective: osteoarthritis (OA) affects 8.75 million people in the UK. Physical activity (PA) is recommended as a core treatment, yet nearly half of people with OA are inactive. Accessible and user-friendly interventions are needed to motivate people with OA to be active. Digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs) might help to support people with OA to self-manage their own levels of PA. The aim of this project was to co-develop and test a DBCI to motivate people with OA to be active.Methods: a mixed methods design was adopted to build the theoretical foundations, develop, and test a complex DBCI. Two patient research partners with lived experience of OA were recruited onto the project team to assist with intervention development, which was guided by the intervention mapping (IM) approach. Interviews and think-aloud sessions were then used to explore attitudes, values, and perceived effectiveness of the website.Results: the IM approach enabled the development of a prototype website to be illustrated in a clear and transparent way, showing a link between the practical materials adopted within the website and the theoretical constructs they were attempting to change. Potential users highlighted the importance of clear, easy-to-understand information, focusing on enjoyment and social connectedness.Conclusions: DBCI development should be based on theory, adequately described, and thoroughly tested with potential users to understand how they might choose to integrate digital interventions into everyday life.</p
Allied health professional and nurse internships scheme: evaluation of year 1 cohort 2016
No full textUtilisation d'une rétroaction virtuelle altérée pour évaluer les représentations du corps en présence ou en absence de douleur
No full textIntroduction: Environ 20% des adultes canadiens souffrent de douleur chronique en dépit des approches pharmacologiques disponibles. Il est donc important de développer des approches thérapeutiques complémentaires en réadaptation et de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents au maintien de la douleur chronique. Une des hypothèses mises en avant pour expliquer le maintien de la douleur chronique stipule que la douleur serait la conséquence d’une discordance entre les efférences motrices et la rétroaction sensorielle du mouvement (définie comme un conflit sensorimoteur), tout comme la sensation de nausée dans le mal des transports est la conséquence d’une discordance entre les informations visuelles, proprioceptives et vestibulaires. Ce conflit sensorimoteur en présence de douleur pourrait s’expliquer par une altération des représentations du corps et du contrôle moteur. Des études utilisant des conflits sensorimoteurs créés expérimentalement suggèrent que les personnes souffrant de douleur chronique sont plus sensibles à la présence de conflits (qui se traduit par une augmentation de douleur et d’autres perturbations sensorielles), ce qui pourrait contribuer à un cercle vicieux d’aggravation et de maintien de la douleur. Toutefois, la raison de cette sensibilité accrue reste encore inconnue. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’évaluer les caractéristiques cliniques et sensorimotrices expliquant une plus grande vulnérabilité au conflit sensorimoteur en présence de douleur aiguë et chronique. L’hypothèse générale était qu’une plus grande malléabilité des représentations du corps en présence de douleur explique une plus grande vulnérabilité au conflit sensorimoteur. Méthode: Les conflits sensorimoteurs ont été créés grâce à un miroir (Chapitre III, N=140 participants sains ou souffrant de fibromyalgie, syndrome de douleur régionale complexe (SDRC) ou arthrite) ou à un système robotisé de type exosquelette couplé à une interface virtuelle 2D (KINARM) (Chapitre IV, N=30 participants en santé avec ou sans douleur expérimentale; Chapitre V, N=20 participants en santé). Deux types de perturbations induites par le conflit ont été mesurées: 1) les perturbations sensorielles (mesurées par questionnaire) et 2) les perturbations motrices (déviation médio-latérale et variation d’amplitude). Le KINARM a également permis d’évaluer diverses représentations du corps chez des individus avec ou sans douleur chronique (Chapitre VI : N=26 participants en santé ou ayant un SDRC). Les variables cliniques ont été mesurées par questionnaires. Résultats: Seulement certaines perturbations sensorielles induites par le conflit sensorimoteur étaient accentuées en présence de douleur chronique (Chapitre III) et aiguë (Chapitre IV), et étaient principalement associées à l’intensité de la douleur (Chapitre III). Les autres variables cliniques (origine de la pathologie, durée de la douleur, symptômes anxieux et dépressifs) expliquaient peu la plus grande vulnérabilité au conflit sensorimoteur en présence de douleur (Chapitre III). Contrairement aux perturbations sensorielles, les perturbations motrices induites par le conflit n’étaient pas influencées par la présence de douleur aiguë (Chapitre IV). De plus, un conflit entre la vision et les efférences motrices (lors de mouvements actifs) induisait des perturbations sensorielles qui étaient plus importantes qu’un conflit entre la vision et la proprioception (mouvements passifs, Chapitre V). Enfin, la kinesthésie (sens du mouvement et de la position) était altérée chez des individus ayant un SDRC comparativement à des individus en santé, mais n’était pas reliée à la perception subjective du membre douloureux (Chapitre VI). Conclusions: La présence de douleur (aiguë ou chronique) diminue le seuil de détection du conflit sensorimoteur et contribue à maintenir une situation de conflit. Ce cercle vicieux d’aggravation de la douleur s’explique davantage par une altération de la perception du corps plutôt que par un défaut d’intégration sensorimotrice, bien que la commande motrice joue un rôle dans les perturbations sensorielles induites par le conflit. Ces résultats soutiennent la théorie des multiples représentations du corps qui suggère une dissociation entre l’image du corps et le schéma corporel. Contrairement à l’image du corps qui est altérée en présence de douleur aiguë et chronique, le schéma corporel serait perturbé seulement en présence de douleur chronique. En clinique, il serait pertinent d’évaluer et d’intervenir de manière indépendante sur l’image du corps et le schéma corporel. En recherche, il sera important d’explorer quels sont les mécanismes sous-jacents expliquant une telle dissociation.Introduction: Approximately 20% of the Canadian adults suffer from chronic pain in spite of the available pharmacological approaches. Thus, it is important to develop complementary therapeutic approaches in rehabilitation and to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pain. One hypothesis that has been put forward to explain the persistence of pain postulates that pain is the consequence of a discordance between the motor efferences and the sensory feedback arising from one’s actions (defined as a sensorimotor conflict), just as the sensation of nausea in motion sickness arises from a conflict between visual, proprioceptive and vestibular information. Such sensorimotor conflicts in the presence of pain could be caused by alterations in body representations and motor control. Studies using experimental sensorimotor conflicts show that people with pain are more sensitive to the presence of conflicts (as demonstrated by an increase in painful sensations and other sensory disturbances), what could contribute to a vicious circle maintaining and aggravating pain. However, the reason why people with pain are more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts remains unclear. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to assess the clinical and sensorimotor characteristics explaining higher sensitivity to sensorimotor conflicts in the presence of pain. The main hypothesis was that increased malleability of body representations in the presence of pain explains increased sensitivity to sensorimotor conflicts. Methods: Sensorimotor conflicts have been created using a mirror (Chapter III, N=140 participants, either healthy or with fibromyalgia, or complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or arthritis) or a robotic device combined with a 2D virtual reality interface (KINARM) (Chapter IV, N=30 healthy participants with or without experimental pain; Chapter V, N=20 healthy participants). Two types of disturbances were assessed: 1) sensory disturbances (measured with a questionnaire) and 2) motor disturbances (mediolateral drift and amplitude variation). The KINARM was also used to assess various body representations in participants with or without chronic pain (Chapter VI: N=26 participants, healthy or with a CRPS). Clinical outcomes were assessed with questionnaires. Results: Only some sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts were increased in the presence of chronic (Chapter III) and acute (Chapter IV) pain, and were mainly related to pain intensity (Chapter III). The other clinical characteristics (pathology origin, duration of pain, anxious and depressive symptoms) contributed very little to the increase in sensitivity to sensorimotor conflicts in the presence of pain (Chapter III). Contrary to sensory disturbances, motor disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts were not influenced by the presence of acute pain (Chapter IV). Moreover, a conflict between vision and motor efferences (during active movements) induces higher sensory disturbances than a conflict between vision and proprioception (passive movements, Chapter V). Finally, kinesthesia (senses of limb position and movement) was altered in people with CRPS compared to healthy participants, but was not related to the subjective perception of the painful limb (Chapter VI). Conclusions: The presence of pain (acute or chronic) decreases the detection threshold of sensorimotor conflicts and contributes to maintain a conflict situation. This vicious circle of pain worsening is explained more by an alteration of body perception than by a perturbation in sensorimotor integration. These results support the multiple body representations theory suggesting a dissociation between the body image and the body schema. Contrary to the body image which is altered in the presence of acute and chronic pain, the body schema is altered only in the presence of chronic pain. In clinical practice, it would be relevant to assess and treat the alterations of body image and body schema separately. In research, it would be necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of this dissociation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Commentary on complex regional pain syndrome: Observations on diagnosis, treatment and definition of a new subgroup by Zyluk and Puchalski
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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