1,720,962 research outputs found
Farmers' fruit tree-growing strategies in the humid forest zone of Cameroon and Nigeria
No full textMany studies have stressed the importance of trees to rural households. Few, however, have focused on actual numbers and densities of trees in different land-use systems. Based on community-level participatory research in six communities, semi-structured household interviews and full-farm fruit tree inventories, this study aims to understand farmers’ tree-planting strategies. Relationships between the diversity, number and density of fruit trees and farm size, land-use system, land tenure, distance from the homestead, proximity to the forest, market access and household characteristics are investigated. The key factors determining the differences in tree-growing strategies between communities appear to be market access, land use and access to forest resources. Within communities, differences between individual households were less easy to explain but tenure was important as was farm size. Smaller farms had higher fruit tree densities, a relationship that was particularly strong in communities with good market access. Overall there was a great deal of variability both within and between communities and many of the factors affecting tree-planting decisions were found to be highly inter-related. Despite this complexity, trees on farm play an important role in rural household's livelihoods. Therefore, expansion of tree cultivation should be recognized as a promising pathway to achieve increased income and food production by policy makers and extensionists alike. In addition to improved tree propagation and management techniques, farmers should be strengthened in the processing and marketing of agroforestry tree products and more emphasis should be placed on the development of tree enterprises. By doing so, farmers will be able to earn a more important and consistent income from fruit trees, contributing to the Millennium Development Goals. <br/
Conseils pour Ameliorer la Communication
No full textLa formation sur les centres de ressources ruraux du projet (SMAT-Scaling) a lieu du 20 au 22 April 2015 au centre Jean Bosco à Sevaré et 23 au 25 Avril au centre culturel de Dimbal à Bankass
Replication Data for: Mbosso C Degrande A van Damme P Tsafack S Nimino G Tchoundjeu Z 2015 Gender differences in knowledge, perception and use of the Ricinodendron heudelotii kernel extraction machine
No full textThis paper explores differences in knowledge, perception and use of a Ricinodendron heudelotii (njansang) extraction machine by women and men in Cameroon. With the view of designing a new technology that appropriately addresses the needs, concerns and interventions likely particularly to benefit women (the principal actors in processing of non-timber forest products), a survey was conducted with 81 households in five villages using a questionnaire. Results indicated that njansang processing is a main activity for women, but men earned more income from its sales. Women use the machine more often than men but are not as knowledgeable about the mechanical aspects. The familiarity of men with other machines makes them assess the price of the njansang extraction machine more accurately than women, leading to a greater willingness to adopt the technology. Men using the machine are less demanding and easier to satisfy.
For further research on the dissemination of the machine, women should be encouraged and trained not only on the proper pre-treatment of the nuts before extraction, but also on the functioning of the machine
Integration des principes de l’andragogie dans les CRRS
No full textLa formation sur les centres de ressources ruraux du projet (SMAT-Scaling) a lieu du 20 au 22 April 2015 au centre Jean Bosco à Sevaré et 23 au 25 Avril au centre culturel de Dimbal à Bankass
Facilitation Effective
No full textLa formation sur les centres de ressources ruraux du projet (SMAT-Scaling) a lieu du 20 au 22 April 2015 au centre Jean Bosco à Sevaré et 23 au 25 Avril au centre culturel de Dimbal à Bankass
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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