1,720,966 research outputs found
Deutschland. Übersetzungen aus dem Arabischen und Orientalismus
No full textWas ist eine gute Übersetzung aus dem Orientalischen? In dem 1978 erschienenen Werk Orientalismus hebt Said die politischen Auswirkungen eines eurozentrischen Bildes des Nahen Ostens hervor. Er konzentriert sich überwiegend auf die abwertenden literarischen Darstellungen des Ostens von europäischen Gelehrten in der Epoche nach der Aufklärung. Said beschäftigt sich dabei mit Michel Foucaults Begriff des Diskurses, um die systematische Disziplin zu analysieren, mit der die Europäer in dem achtzehnten und neunzehnten Jahrhundert den Orient politisch, soziologisch und ideologisch produziert haben. Der Begriff des Diskurses, der die Macht der Sprache in der Gesellschaft analysiert, ist untrennbar verbunden mit der Dynamik zwischen Okzident und Orient. Literarische Texte, unbestreitbare Quellen der Macht, sind eng verbunden mit der Schaffung einer ethischen und politischen Konstruktion des Menschen, die in der Darstellung gekennzeichnet wird. Innerhalb dieses Machtungleichgewichts tauchen immer wieder Probleme bei der Übersetzung der kulturellen und sprachlichen Andersartigkeit. Diesbezüglich untersuche ich in meinem Poster orientalistische Motive und Fehlübersetzungen in dem Werk von dem deutschen Wissenschaftler der arabischen Literatur Johann Jakob Reiske (1716-1774). Ich analysiere Reiskes Übersetzung von klassischen arabischen Dichter Abu at-Tayeb Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Mutanabbi (915-965). Ins Besondere konzentriere ich mich auf Mutanabbis ursprüngliche sechste und neunte Gedichte in dem Arabischen und vergleiche sie mit ihren Übersetzungen ins Deutsche. Mit Hilfe Barkookis Diwan Al Mutannabbi setze ich mich mit dieser maßgeblich exakten arabischen kulturellen und historischen Interpretation dieser Gedichte auseinander. Dann vergleiche ich dann diese Interpretation mit Reiskes Auslegung in Proben der Arabischen Dichtkunst (1765). Die Interpretation von Gelehrten wie Reiske ist wichtig, weil sie sich auf die öffentliche deutsche Meinung über den Orient auswirkt, was ich mit Saids Schlussfolgerungen in dem Orientalismus-Werk verbinde. Ich möchte zeigen, wie Historiker und Germanisten bei der Konstruktion des deutschen Orientalismus die Auswirkungen von fehlerhaften Übersetzungen auf ein soziales, politisches und vor allem kulturelles Niveau gering schätzen. Dabei werde ich Foucaults Konzept des Diskurses einführen, um Saids Haltung zur Übersetzung und ihre Unverträglichkeit mit der stereotypischen Darstellung des Orientalismus zu unterstreichen. Diese Arbeit soll das Verständnis der deutschen Auslegung des Orients vertiefen. Ich werde also zu dem Ergebnis kommen, dass ein Begriff des Orientalismus ohne Rücksicht auf die historisch und kulturell fundierte Problematik der Übersetzungstätigkeiten stark mangelhaft ist
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Particle Acceleration, Propagation, and Detection: A Journey from the Kinetic Structure of Plasma Physics to Particle Transport on Cosmic Scales
Full text linkPART I: The origin of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and the highest-energy astrophysical neutrinos remains as one of the most prominent unresolved questions in astrophysics. Part of my research can shed light on such phenomena employing a thorough bottom-up approach to understand the spectra of UHECRs, and neutrinos from Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) jets. My frameworks account for i) particle injection, ii) particle acceleration, iii) spectra of UHECRs, iv) the effects of losses on UHECRs, v) the resulting neutrino spectral features, and vi) potentially lepton cooling and its ensuing radiation spectrum. I study these effects from the large structures of AGN jets employing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to the kinetic scales of the plasma relevant for lepton acceleration using Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. My results are backed by original theories that govern particle acceleration.I developed a framework—agnostic to particle acceleration mechanisms—where trajectories are integrated via standard PIC techniques in relativistic 3D MHD jet simulations to explore particle energization. I then enhanced this particle acceleration framework by including subgrid scattering (SGS) to characterize the role of small-scale magnetic irregularities that are not captured in MHD simulations. The results I obtain are consistent with current UHECR phenomenology in terms of spectral slope, chemical composition, and anisotropy. I then augment this framework with realistic photon field prescriptions to study the effects of losses on accelerated particles, and the expected spectrum of neutrinos produced by typical AGN jets. This enabled me to set constraints on the anisotropy and maximum expected neutrino flux from AGN jets. I also study the effect of relativistic asymmetric reconnection on particle energization in relativistic astrophysical systems, such as jets, analytically and with kinetic PIC simulations. In a nutshell, I present the first steps in understanding asymmetric reconnection in the relativistic plasma regime.
PART II: I complement these studies by propagating particles employing similar methods in magnetic fields over distances normalized to the particle Larmor radii to examine the impact of the magnetic field and its coherence length on the delay incurred during propagation and deflection angles. While applying these methods to UHECR propagation, we find that the delay incurred by UHECRs on their way to Earth is comparable to AGN duty cycles, making correlation studies with AGNs challenging. These propagation considerations could potentially be important for galactic propagation as they have similar predictive powers for galactic cosmic rays. The confinement time of galactic CRs could also be measured in a more direct manner using CR isotope ratios. I have been heavily involved with theHigh Energy Light Isotope eXperiment (HELIX) to obtain an observationally motivated value for the confinement time of CRs in the galaxy. HELIX is a magnet spectrometer designed to make measurements of the composition of light CR isotopes. This NASA funded experiment is a set of high-precision particle detectors designed specifically to make measurements of significant isotopic abundance ratios such as Beryllium isotopes in the energy range ∼0.2 GeV/n to ∼10 GeV/n, a range that is not accessible to any current or planned instrument
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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