1,721,080 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A study of the "outward potassium channel" (OPC) in the frog oocyte. I. A study of the "cell-attached" configuration
No full textA single channel current was studied in the membrane of the immature oocyte of the european frog (Rana esculenta) by using the "patch clamp" technique in the "cell attached" configuration. Single channel activity appeared as short outward currents when membrane potential was made positive inside; full activation required seconds to be complete, no inactivation being appreciable. Deactivation (or current block) upon membrane repolarization was so fast that no inward current could be detected in any case. The reversal potential, estimated by interpolating the I/V diagrams, was -30 mV using standard Ringer as electrode filling solution, and the elementary conductance was 95 pS. Neither reversal potential nor elementary conductance were affected by removal of external Ca2+ (Mg2+ or Ba2+ substitution) or external Cl- (methanesulphonate substitution). The reversal potential moved towards positive potentials by substituting external Na+ with K+, the magnitude of the shifts being consistent with a ratio PK/PNa = 6.4. A distinctive property of the current/voltage relation for this K-current is its anomalous bell-shape, the outward current displaying a maximum at membrane potentials around 75 mV with standard Ringer as electrode filling solution and tending to zero with more positive potentials
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A study of the "outward potassium channel" (OPC) in the frog oocyte. II. A study of the "inside-out" configuration
No full textThe single K-channel current reported in a previous note was also studied in "outside-out" conditions. The electrode filling solutions used for the "cell-attached" experiments faced in this case the intracellular side of the membrane patches, the extracellular side facing the bath saline, i.e. Ringer standard. The most significant observations were obtained with filling solutions with varying proportions in K/Na concentrations solutions. In the absence of Na+ ([K+] = 110 mM), the elementary conductance was still around 90 pS and the I/V diagram was again somewhat bell shaped, though the distinctive reduction of the elementary conductance began at more positive potentials (+110 mV). No inward current could be detected upon membrane repolarization also in this case. The rectification became less evident and conductance increased with increasing Na+ concentration in the filling solution, until the I/V curve became a linear one and conductance was 270 pS with standard Ringer. Distinct inward elementary currents were evident upon repolarization in these conditions. Thus a complex interaction between Na+ and K+ takes place for conduction through the outward K channel in the frog oocyte, both cations probably competing for at least one active site inside. Another interesting observation concerns the process of gating of the OPC: the open times of the elementary currents were in fact much greater in outside out experiments as compared to cell-attached experiments, probably due to the presence of Ca++ in contact with the inner membrane side. Even increasing Na+ concentration prolonged the open time duration. The gating of the OPC in the membrane was not only voltage dependent, but also Ca++ and Na+ dependent
Green walls for advanced building envelopes: design optimization and analysis - A case study in Milan
No full textThe paper illustrates the potential use of green walls for advanced building envelopes. In the last years, several technological systems have been developed for green building envelopes. They can be categorised into two groups, according to their system and growing methods: green façades and living walls. Green façades are created by growing climbing plants up and across the façade itself, either from plants grown in garden beds at its base, or by container planting installed at different levels; they can be direct (i.e. self-clinging climbers, deciduous or evergreen, which adhere to the building exterior by means of adventitious roots) or indirect, where plants are kept away from the walls by continuous supporters and substructures. Living wall systems differ from green façades in the fact that they incorporate multiple ‘containerised’ plantings to create a vegetation cover rather than being reliant on fewer numbers of plants that climb and spread. Once decided to include vegetation into the building project, several questions may be asked. The first one is about structural stability and safety, as envelopes have to be designed to withstand very high dead loads. Another crucial safety aspect is the fire performance: vegetation could be considered a fire propagation medium ‘par excellence’, and the façade must be designed to assure that, in case of fire, its propagation is reduced as much as possible. Moreover, plants sustentation should be carefully considered, since they have to receive light and water to naturally live and grow; natural light supply depends on surroundings and building shape; water supply could be more problematic, because a system of water irrigation and disposal must be designed and integrated in the building envelope. If not properly designed, these aspects can lead to cumbersome and noisy drainpipes and to maintenance issues related to difficulties in inspections and replacement of the drainage components in case of damage Therefore, a very important aspect is maintenance, and maintenance schedule as well: plants need to be cut to keep them healthy, and excessive or abnormal grow has to be avoided. Maintenance system is a sensitive issue, and the designer should think about it since the beginning. This paper presents and details a case study of an office building in Milan with an indirect green façade: vine plants are located in special planters across the façade, and they are free to grow and develop along metal wires included in the curtain wall. Eventually, technical aspects are analysed and some guidelines on technological and construction aspects are given, in order to assure the optimal vegetation life
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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