1,720,974 research outputs found
Essays on Non-Standard forms of Employment in Italy
No full textSince the 1990s, there has been an increase in the number of workers employed in precarious or atypical jobs in Italy and many other industrialised countries. The term “non-standard jobs” encompasses contractual arrangements for work that is not full-time, indefinite, part of a subordinate bilateral employment relationship, or performed at the employer’s premises. This dissertation examines the impact of the rise in non-standard jobs on the Italian labour market and on the working conditions of those involved. Chapter 1 introduces the subject of study and the process that has led to the rise in non-standard forms of employment. The meaning of “standard employment” is explained and why the standard employment relationship (SER) became the most popular contractual arrangement in the 20th century. The economic and social processes that led to a crisis of SER and the consequent rise in non-standard employment are discussed. The chapter concludes by illustrating recent labour market trends, including the rise in gig-economy jobs: crowdwork and work on demand via apps, highlighting their similarities with more established forms of non-standard work. Chapter 2 analyses the wage differential between temporary and permanent workers in Italy. Using microdata from the 2012 wave of the Italian Survey on Income and Living Conditions, we apply an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and a Quantile Counterfactual Decomposition to investigate the composition of this wage gap. The results suggest that the pay gap is positive and tends to be wider in the left tail of the income distribution. In the whole sample, the differences in the distribution of personal characteristics in the two groups help explain the wage gap, however when we focus on younger and non-European workers, we notice that the wage gap is fully explained by differences in the coefficients associated with worker characteristics. Chapter 3 deals with voucher work, typically for very short-lived activities, a few hours of work, and a pay-as-you-go scheme. Voucher work shares many features with crowdwork and work on demand via apps. Based on administrative data on vouchers used in Tuscany between 2010 and 2017, we estimate the impact of a restrictive policy change regarding the spread of this instrument. To do so we first apply a sharp regression discontinuity design and then calculate a difference-in-differences estimator to compare the behaviour of private employers to that of employers in the public sector. The results of the two approaches are consistent and show a significant negative impact of the reform on the use of this instrument. Chapter 4 treats the effects of home-based telework on workers’ mental wellbeing. Using microdata from the 2013 wave of the Italian EU-Labour Force Survey and related ad-hoc module, we apply a multinomial logit and semiparametric estimation of multivalued treatment effects to achieve three main objectives: i) to investigate the characteristics of regular and occasional homeworkers; ii) to understand whether home-based teleworkers are more likely to suffer deterioration in mental well-being due to time pressure or work overload than office-based workers; iii) to calculate the difference in usual hours of work and usual overtime between the different groups. The results suggest that occasional home-based workers are more likely to suffer from time pressure and work overload, while regular home-based workers are associated with longer working hours than the other groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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