1,721,119 research outputs found
Exploring the Impact of Family Experiences and Psychological Indexes on Behaviour towards Antibiotics: A Self-Report Study on an Italian Sample
No full textAntibiotic resistance represents a worldwide health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated around 10 million deaths by 2050 caused by this phenomenon. The main cause for the development of resistance is the prolonged and inappropriate use of antibiotics, which can also affect the individual psychophysiological balance and several biological indices. Given the large number of factors involved in medicine adherence, the purpose of the current study was to investigate beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of the general population toward antibiotics, through an online investigation, with the aim to identify dispositional factors and personal experiences which influence antibiotics misuse. A sample of 100 responders (74 females, mean age 33.37) completed an online battery of validated scales administered to assess several psychological indexes (Big Five Questionnaire, BFQ-R; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS; Psychosomatic Problem Scale, PPS), together with a revised form of a WHO survey investigating attitude, knowledge and practice towards antibiotics, and a series of ad hoc questions to investigate disease behaviour and individual and family-related past experiences with antibiotics. Significant correlations between intake behaviour, awareness and individual attitude emerged: having had a family of origin which has demonised antibiotics negatively correlates with the quantity of antibiotics taken in the last year and the personal attitude toward antibiotics, while a family of origin which has used antibiotics improperly positively correlates with the amount of antibiotics taken, and negatively both with the knowledge of good practices of intake and the awareness about antibiotics. Moreover, a good personal past compliance with antibiotic prescription is positively correlated with a family which has used antibiotics correctly. Also, significant correlations emerged between psychological facets and antibiotic behaviour: the personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness are positively correlated to antibiotics awareness, on the contrary of indexes of psychological balance (i.e., anxiety, perceived stress and psychosomatization), which correlate negatively to awareness. Moreover, the moderator role of anxiety in the relationship between a negative family approach towards antibiotics and antibiotics intake, and the mediator role of individual awareness in the relationship between a familiar positive approach to antibiotics and individual past compliance to doctor’s prescription emerged. Subsequently, regression analysis revealed the role of anxiety, stress and psychosomatization as predictors of individual antibiotics awareness, suggesting that people with a lower psychological well-being may consume antibiotics in a less responsible way. In summary, the present study shed the light on how family experiences and individual psychological factors may play crucial roles in shaping behaviours and attitudes towards antibiotics. These findings can be utilized to formulate patient-centred strategies for therapeutic communication and education
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders
No full textSleep can improve the off-line memory consolidation of new items of declarative and non-declarative information in healthy subjects, whereas acute sleep loss, as well as sleep restriction and fragmentation, impair consolidation. This suggests that, by modifying the amount and/or architecture of sleep, chronic sleep disorders may also lead to a lower gain in off-line consolidation, which in turn may be responsible for the varying levels of impaired performance at memory tasks usually observed in sleep-disordered patients. The experimental studies conducted to date have shown specific impairments of sleep-dependent consolidation overall for verbal and visual declarative information in patients with primary insomnia, for verbal declarative information in patients with obstructive sleep apnoeas, and for visual procedural skills in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that impaired consolidation is a consequence of the chronically altered organization of sleep. Moreover, they raise several novel questions as to: a) the reversibility of consolidation impairment in the case of effective treatment, b) the possible negative influence of altered prior sleep also on the encoding of new information, and c) the relationships between altered sleep and memory impairment in patients with other (medical, psychiatric or neurological) diseases associated with quantitative and/or qualitative changes of sleep architecture
Itinerari formativi sulla medicina delle migrazioni. Note a margine di una decennale esperienza
No full textAppunti per una storia del territorio di Toscanella in età medievale. I confini tra Bologna ed Imola
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Professional framing and emotional stability modulate facial appearance biases in nursing students
No full textAim: Providing the same standard of care to all patients alike, regardless of race, gender, age or any other irrelevant characteristic is imperative in the healthcare profession. In this study we examined whether and to what extent unintentional evaluations based on facial appearance of others affect nursing students' readiness to approach them and provide nursing care. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Nursing students (N = 160) enrolled in the Nursing Degree Course of School of Medicine of Bologna University, completed a self-report questionnaire assessing personality traits and evaluated photographs of trustworthy, untrustworthy and neutral-looking male and female faces, while indicating their own approach behavior in a series of social interaction and caretaking scenarios. Results: Trustworthy faces elicited a higher approach readiness than untrustworthy and neutral ones across scenarios. Nonetheless, the nursing care scenario facilitated the approach toward others perceived as untrustworthy. Emotional stability trait further enhanced the approach of untrustworthy-looking others and provision of impartial care. Conclusion: Present findings suggest that facial appearance bias among nursing students may be downregulated by activating cognitive representations of their professional role as future caretakers and their caretaking motivation. This speaks of the need to integrate as early as possible into existing nursing education programs simulation scenarios aimed to increase emotional awareness and model nursing students' future relational and caring skills
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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