1,720,953 research outputs found
First results of UV light produced by an autonomous rover to control the main apple diseases
No full textAn autonomous rover prototype equipped with UVC light panels — developed to protect vineyards from grapevine diseases — was tested for its effectiveness against major apple diseases in a field trial conducted in Trentino (Northern Italy). In the growing season 2024, trials were carried out in three organic apple orchards with different varieties. The autonomous prototype was used either to supplement or completely replace conventional plant protection treatments. The orchards featured a narrow fruit-wall training system for Opal and Inored Story varieties, and a spindle training system for Golden Delicious. Row spacing was 2.6 meters across all sites. No chemical treatments were applied to the Opal and Inored Story, as they are scab-resistant cultivars. In the case of Inored Story, an untreated control plot (receiving neither chemical nor UV treatment) was also included to assess the prototype’s effectiveness against powdery mildew. A different strategy was applied to Golden Delicious, a variety highly susceptible to apple scab. Here, the experimental treatments included: a standard chemical strategy, a combination of low chemical input and low UV dosage, a high UV dosage, and an untreated control. UV dosage was set by adjusting the rover’s speed rather than the intensity of the UV light. The first treatment took place in late March, when conditions began to favour primary scab infections, and the trial concluded in early June. After three treatments, the prototype experienced a mechanical failure and was out of service for four days. It was subsequently repaired and remained operational for the remainder of the trial. Efficacy was assessed using pseudo-replications to enable statistical analysis. Visual inspections were also conducted to check for any negative side effects on vegetation and fruit. Results showed no significant differences between the low and high UV dosages in controlling powdery mildew on Opal (Figure 1), as well as between UV-treated and untreated plots of Inored Story (Figure 2). Due to the rainy spring in 2024, apple scab infection in the untreated Golden Delicious plots was particularly severe (Figure 3), with widespread secondary infections emerging by June. Across all treatment strategies, nearly 100% of shoots in Golden Delicious plots were infected by scab. The average percentage of infected leaves showed significant differences among treatments (χ2 [3]=9.994; p=0.0186). The KruskalWallis test indicated a significant trend when the chemical standard was excluded from the analysis (χ2 [2]=6.140; p=0.0468). Similarly, the average fruit infection rate was clearly lower in the standard chemical treatment compared to the untreated control, while both UV-based treatments were less effective than the standard. Importantly, no negative side effects were observed on either the leaves or the fruit of each variety. The effects of UV radiation on the control of powdery mildew, by employing different radiation doses, should be further investigated. Given the environmental conditions during the trial — particularly favourable to the development of apple scab — the preliminary results of this study seem promising. Additional field trials, carried out throughout the entire growing season, will be necessary to further evaluate the efficacy of UV light on apple diseases and to understand how this technology could partially replace or complement conventional plant protection strategies. The use of UV light and autonomous equipment could be considered as part of precision crop protection strategies aimed at developing low input approaches for apple orchard
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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