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Interactions Between Visceral And Parietal Pain In Rats And Local Anesthetics Effects On Each Of These Two Pain Components
No full textLa douleur abdominale post chirurgicale reste une douleur difficile à gérer. Cette douleur présente 2 composantes : (1) une composante pariétale liée à l’agression des muscles de la paroi abdominale et du péritoine pariétal et (2) une composante viscérale liée à l’agression du péritoine viscérale et des viscères. La douleur pariétale est bien systématisée, elle correspond à des métamères bien identifiés. Par contre la douleur viscérale est souvent mal localisée, irradiée ou transférée à un site cutané. Les AL administrés par l’intermédiaire d’un cathéter d’infiltration pariétal, d’un bloc de la paroi abdominale ou par voie systémique montrent une efficacité clinique dans l’analgésie post opératoire d’une chirurgie abdominale. Cependant le mécanisme d’action des AL en fonction de leurs voies d’administration n’est pas bien élucidé. Le but de nos études est d’explorer l’effet des AL sur les deux composantes de la douleur abdominale dans un modèle animal en fonction de leur voie d’administration. Nous avons réalisé 3 études expérimentales :1-Dans l’étude 1 nous avons comparé l’effet de la ropivacaïne administrée par voie systémique ou par un cathéter pré péritonéal sur la douleur pariétale et viscérale dans un modèle de laparotomie chirurgicale chez le rat.. 2-Dans l’étude 2 nous avons validé un bloc de la paroi abdominale chez le rat.. 3-Dans l’étude 3 nous avons comparé l’effet de la bupivacaïne par voie systémique à l’effet obtenu par l’administration de la bupivacaïne par un bloc de la paroi abdominale. Nous avons également comparé l’effet des Al par voie systémique à une vagotomie chimique préventive. L’ensemble de ces travaux montrent que lors d’une laparotomie, les AL sont efficaces dans le traitement de la nociception aussi bien par voie systémique que par voie locorégionale. Nous avons démontré qu’un bloc de la paroi abdominale, ainsi qu’une infiltration pré péritonéale diminuaient la transmission de la nociception viscérale vers le SNC par action directe sur les terminaisons nerveuses pariétales. De plus, lors d’une laparotomie, l’administration systémique d’AL montre une efficacité dans l’inhibition de la transmission de la nociception viscérale vers le SNC associée à un effet anti inflammatoire local et systémique supérieure à celui d’une administration locorégionale.The abdominal post surgical pain has two components : (1) a parietal component due toaggression of the abdominal wall muscles and the parietal peritoneum and (2) a visceralcomponent due to aggression of the visceral peritoneum and viscera. Parietal pain is welllocalized; it corresponds to identified dermatomes. Otherwhise, visceral pain is often badlylocalized. Local anesthetics injected through a parietal catheter of infiltration, an abdominal wall blockor by a systemic administration show clinical efficiency in post operative analgesia afterabdominal surgery. However, the action mechanisms of local anesthetics according to theiradministration route are not well clarified. The purpose of our studies is to explore localanesthetics effect on both components of the abdominal pain in an animal model according totheir administration route.In this purpose we realized three experimental studies :1- In the first study, we compared the effect of systemic administration or through a preperitoneal catheter of ropivacaïne on parietal and visceral pain in a model of surgicallaparotomy in the rat. 2- In the second study, we established a block of the abdominal wall in the rat. 3- In the third study, parietal and peritoneal inflammation were induced by carrageenaninjection in the abdominal wall or in the peritoneal cavity in the rat according to theexperimental group. Then, we compared the effect of a systemic administration of bupivacaïneto its administration by an abdominal wall block. Furthermore, the systemic effect of localanesthetics was compared to a preventive chemical vagotomy. These works showed that during laparotomy, local anesthetics are effective in thetreatment of the nociception as well as by systemic or locoregional administration. We showedthat an abdominal wall block as well as a pre peritoneal administration decreased thetransmission of the visceral nociception towards the central nervous system by direct action onthe parietal nerve endings. Furthermore, during a laparotomy, systemic administration of localanesthetics inhibited the transmission of visceral nociception towards the central nervoussystem associated with a local and systemic anti inflammatory effects. This anti inflammatoryeffect was higher than that what we showed by locoregional administration of bupivacaïne
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Impact de l'anesthésie générale sur la réduction radiologique par lavement des invaginations intestinales aiguës
No full textLE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Effets des anesthésiques locaux sur la réponse inflammatoire
No full textLE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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