1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Alternativa de purificación de biodiésel obtenido por transesterificación de aceite de palma con metanol supercrítico
Get PDFEn estudios recientes sobre la producción de biodiésel obtenido por transesterificación de aceite de palma con metanol, se han diseñado reactores que trabajan a condiciones supercríticas en ausencia de un catalizador, con resultados de conversiones superiores al 96%. Sin embargo, a la salida del reactor también hay glicerol (coproducto) y metanol (reactivo en exceso). Este proceso se lleva a cabo a condiciones de alta presión y alta temperatura, lo que se traduce en un proceso costoso de alto gasto energético. En los procesos de producción de biodiésel tradicionales es necesario suministrar energía a las corrientes de salida de los reactores para facilitar su separación. En el caso del glicerol, si se considera como materia prima de productos como ácido oxálico o acido succínico o glutarico, que se emplean para fabricar plásticos, es necesario proporcionarle energía para su transformación. Con base en esto, se propone generar una alternativa de aprovechamiento de la energía de la corriente de salida del reactor supercrítico, para la separación del producto, coproducto y materia prima en exceso y, de ser posible, la posterior transformación del coproducto (glicerol) en un producto de mayor valor agregado. Para evaluar las alternativas de aprovechamiento de la energía de la corriente de salida se realizaron varios diseños conceptuales del proceso a nivel simulación utilizando el programa Aspen PlusTM. Debido a que el biodiésel y el aceite de palma son mezclas de varios compuestos, la predicción de sus propiedades son objeto de estudio con el fin de que sean válidas a las condiciones de presión y temperatura que se tienen en los procesos supercríticos, por lo que se trabajo con la ecuación de estado de Peng Robinson para los procesos a condiciones supercríticas y UNIFAC para los procesos de separación. Dentro de las alternativas evaluadas se encontró que empleando columnas de destilación es menor el gasto de energía (545 kW/t biodiésel) y es menor la cantidad de equipos empleados para alcanzar el objetivo, adicionalmente, se plantearon dos opciones con el glicerol, una de estas fue purificarlo a grado USP y otra fue mezclarlo con metanol y llevarlos a condiciones necesarias para introducirlos a un proceso de producción de aditivos para diesel (6:1 metanol/ glicerol, 1500 psi y 320 °C).Abstract. Recent studies on the production of biodiésel produced by palm oil transesterification with methanol, reactors operating at supercritical conditions in the absence of a catalyst are evaluated, with conversions greater than 96%. However, the reactor effluent contains glycerol (coproduct) and methanol (excess reagent). This process is carried out at conditions of high pressure and high temperature, which results in a costly and high energy demandant process. In the production process of biodiésel by traditional methods, it is necessary to provide power to the output currents of the reactors to facilitate separation, or in case of glycerol, considering raw material product as oxalic acid or succinic or glutaric acid, intermediates in plastic manufacture, it is necessary to provide energy for processing. Based on this, it is propose to generate an alternative energy efficiency of the output current of the supercritical reactor for the separation of the product, co-product and excess raw materials and, if possible, further processing co-product (glycerol) in a product with higher added value. To evaluate the use of alternative energy output current process several conceptual designs were performed at level simulation using Aspen Plus ™ software. Since biodiésel and palm oil are mixtures of several compounds , the prediction of its properties are being studied so that they are valid at the conditions of pressure and temperature taken into the supercritical processes. In this work the equation of state of Peng Robinson for supercritical processes and UNIFAC conditions for separation processes are used. Among the alternatives evaluated, distillation columns is less energy demandant (545 kW/t biodiésel) and use less equipments. Additionally, two options were raised with glycerol, one of these was produce USP grade purity and other was mixed with methanol and reach necessary conditions to introduce into a process of producing additives for diesel (6:1 methanol / glycerol, 1500 psi and 320 °C).Maestrí
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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