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A new material for the icy Galilean moons: The structure of sulfuric acid hexahydrate
No full textThis study presents a newly identified water-rich crystalline form of sulfuric acid hydrate, H2SO4•6H2O, a hexahydrate. The method of formation of this material suggests that sulfuric acid hexahydrate (SAHx) could be an abundant material on the surface of Jupiter's Galilean ice moons, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The structure of SAHx was determined by the combined use of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. The structural arrangement of SAHx exhibits the same water layer topology that has been determined for sulfuric acid octahydrate (SAO), but differs in the stacking of this water layer and the interlayer species. SAHx is observed to form over a large range of solution compositions and displays stability over the temperature range 80 to 190 K. © 2013, American Geophysical Union
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phase relations between the water-rich sulfuric acid hydrates, potential markers of thermal history on Jupiter’s icy moons
No full textSynchrotron X-ray powder diffraction has been used to explore the water-rich (<50 wt.% H2SO4) region of the sulfuric acid and water binary phase diagram at temperatures between 80 and 285 K. The phase relations that are determined demonstrate that, on laboratory timescales, sulfuric acid hydrates crystallize as mixtures of phases. Four forms of sulfuric acid hydrates were observed along with ice Ih, with their proportions dependent on temperature and sample H2SO4 wt.%. The charting of these phase relations has revealed a transformation between hydrate forms, which could be utilized as a marker for areas of higher heat flow on the surfaces of the Galilean ice moons. © 2014, Published by Elsevier Inc
In situ studies of structural changes in DME synthesis catalyst with synchrotron powder diffraction
No full textStructural changes in a bi-functional dimethyl ether synthesis catalyst (CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MgO + γ-Al2O3, BFC), a methanol synthesis catalyst (CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MgO, MSC) and a methanol dehydration catalyst (γ-Al2O3, MDC), were studied using X-ray synchrotron powder diffraction. The catalysts were first reduced in 10% H2/He and then treated in a gas containing CO, H2 and CO2. Measurements were taken at temperatures between 50 °C and 500 °C. These measurements were complemented by ex-situ techniques—thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the copper oxide phase, present in methanol synthesis and bi-functional catalysts, reduced to form Cu0 after reduction. No further chemical changes were observed for these catalysts. γ-Al2O3 was resistant to structural and chemical changes. The copper crystallite sizes of the methanol and bi-functional catalysts were found to increase with temperature. The extent of deactivation was higher for CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MgO + γ-Al2O3 compared to CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MgO. © 2014, Elsevier B.V
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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