1,721,021 research outputs found
Skitourismus in den Bayerischen Alpen: Entwicklung und Zukunftsperspektiven
Full text linkDer Skitourismus spielt in den Bayerischen Alpen seit etlichen Jahrzehnten eine bedeutende Rolle, ist jedoch besonders sensibel für die Auswirkungen klimatischer Erwärmungsprozesse. Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die historische Entwicklung, den aktuellen Ausbauzustand sowie die Zukunftsaussichten des Skitourismus in den Bayerischen Alpen mithilfe empirischer Daten und Modellierungen darzustellen, die natürliche und technische Schneesicherheit einbeziehen. Der Klimawandel wird die strukturellen Problem beim Skitourismus zukünftig eher verstärken. Aufgrund der Abschreibungshorizonte von Beschneiungs- und Liftanlagen kann es dennoch betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlich sinnvoll sein, heute noch in Skiinfrastruktur in den Bayerischen Alpen zu investieren, auch da der touristische Erfolg der Destinationen signifikant vom Ausbauzustand der Skigebiete abhängt. Steigende Beschneiungskosten sollten bei der Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung und der Dimensionierung der Anlagen berücksichtigt und Subventionen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf nachhaltige Tourismusentwicklung kritisch betrachtet werden.Skiing tourism is an important source of income in the Bavarian Alps, but this tourism branch is particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change. The scope of this paper is an analysis of the past development, status-quo and future prospects of ski tourism in the Bavarian Alps, using empirical and model data, the latter focusing on natural and technical snow reliability. Model results show that climate change is likely to compound the structural problems in ski tourism. However, due to the fact that severe impacts can be expected in the mid-term (2-3 decades) and that depreciation periods of ski resort infrastructure are shorter, investments in skiing tourism can be economically justified in a number of destinations. Nevertheless, increasing snowmaking costs need to be considered in the feasibility calculations and the sizing of the snowmaking equipment. Subsidies should be critically questioned, concerning their impacts on sustainable tourism development
Einführung: Tourismus in Bayern
No full textFür Bayern als Ganzes kann nicht von einer flächendeckenden "Leitökonomie Tourismus" (StMWIVT 2010: 3, 7) gesprochen werden, da weite Landesteile kaum oder nur sehr wenig vom Übernachtungstourismus geprägt sind. Eher ist eine starke Konzentration auf einzelne Destinationen bzw. Teilregionen zutreffend. Neben einem bundesweiten Verlust an touristischen Marktanteilen ist der bayerische Tourismus durch eine disparate räumliche Entwicklung gekennzeichnet, d. h. durch das Auseinanderklaffen von touristisch stark wachsenden Agglomerationsräumen (mit boomendem Incoming-Tourismus) und den rückläufigen bis maximal stagnierenden Peripherräumen. Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Analyse der Bedeutung des Tourismus für Bayern stellt die unbefriedigende Datensituation beim Tagestourismus dar. Aktuelle und künftige Herausforderungen ergeben sich aus bestehenden Angebots- und Vermarktungsschwächen, verbunden mit globalen Trends wie beispielsweise dem demographischen Wandel, dem Klimawandel, den Auswirkungen von "Peak Oil"und der Energiewende.Across-the-board tourism cannot be said to be an economic driver for Bavaria as a whole (StMWIVT 2010: 3, 7), as many parts of the federal state are very little influenced by overnight tourism. It is rather the case that tourism is strongly concentrated on specific destinations or sub-regions. Bavarian tourism has lost tourism market share in Germany and is further characterised by uneven spatial development, i. e. by divergence between strongly growing tourism in agglomeration areas (with booming incoming tourism) and declining or even stagnating tourism in peripheral areas. A significant problem for the analysis of the importance of tourism for Bavaria is posed by unsatisfactory data availability for day trips. Current and future challenges arise from weaknesses in offerings and marketing, combined with global trends like, for instance, demographic transformation, climate change, the effects of "peak oil" and the energy transition
Der Alpenplan: Eine raumplanerische Erfolgsgeschichte
Full text linkDer Alpenplan ist ein zentrales Element des Landesentwicklungsprogramms Bayern (LEP) und regelt mittels einer flächendeckenden Zonierung die (verkehrs-)infrastrukturelle Erschließung der Bayerischen Alpen, um die verschiedenen Raumnutzungsansprüche auszugleichen. 40 Jahre nach Implementierung des Alpenplans strebt dieser Aufsatz eine umfassende Evaluation dieses Instruments an. Unter Naturschutzgesichtspunkten kann die Effektivität des Alpenplans positiv beurteilt werden und im Vergleich zur Entwicklung der Schutzgebiete wird deutlich, dass der Alpenplan den Naturschutzstrategien des Freistaats Vorschub geleistet hat. Im Sinne der Tourismusentwicklung in den Bayerischen Alpen offenbart der Alpenplan kaum negative Auswirkungen. Der Alpenplan hat als raumplanerisches Zonierungsinstrument erfolgreich dem Erschließungsdruck des Massenskitourismus standgehalten und gleichzeitig bedeutende Verbesserungen für den Schutz sensibler hochalpiner Bereiche bewirkt. Zusätzlich beeinträchtigt der Alpenplan nicht die qualitative Infrastrukturentwicklung in bestehenden Destinationen.The so-called Alpenplan is an important element of the Bavarian State Development Programme and regulates the conflicting stakeholder interests in the Bavarian Alps through an area wide zoning. 40 years after the implementation, this paper gives a comprehensive overview about the topic and debates the effectiveness of the Alpenplan in regulating mass tourism infrastructure development. As empirical results show, the Alpenplan has advanced nature protection in the Bavarian Alps during its existence. Furthermore it is a spatial planning tool dealing successfully with the development pressures of the Fordist mass ski tourism which prevented the Bavarian Alps from overdevelopment and provided important improvements for nature protection in sensitive alpine environments. Neither the qualitative infrastructure development in existing resorts nor the tourism performance in general had been impaired by the Alpenplan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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