1,721,174 research outputs found
Jean-Luc Mayaud, Besançon horloger, 1793-1914 ; Jean-Luc Mayaud, Philippe Henry (dir.), Horlogeries Le temps de l'histoire. Actes du Séminaire du Groupe franco-suisse de recherche en histoire de l'horlogerie et des micromécaniques (Neuchâtel-Besançon, 1993-1994); Natalie Petiteau, L'horlogerie des Bourgeois conquérants. Histoire des établissements Bourgeois de Damprichard (Doubs) (1780-1939).
No full textVerley Patrick. Jean-Luc Mayaud, Besançon horloger, 1793-1914 ; Jean-Luc Mayaud, Philippe Henry (dir.), Horlogeries Le temps de l'histoire. Actes du Séminaire du Groupe franco-suisse de recherche en histoire de l'horlogerie et des micromécaniques (Neuchâtel-Besançon, 1993-1994); Natalie Petiteau, L'horlogerie des Bourgeois conquérants. Histoire des établissements Bourgeois de Damprichard (Doubs) (1780-1939).. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 4-5, 1998. pp. 1017-1021
Jean-Luc Mayaud, Besançon horloger, 1793-1914 ; Jean-Luc Mayaud, Philippe Henry (dir.), Horlogeries Le temps de l'histoire. Actes du Séminaire du Groupe franco-suisse de recherche en histoire de l'horlogerie et des micromécaniques (Neuchâtel-Besançon, 1993-1994); Natalie Petiteau, L'horlogerie des Bourgeois conquérants. Histoire des établissements Bourgeois de Damprichard (Doubs) (1780-1939).
No full textVerley Patrick. Jean-Luc Mayaud, Besançon horloger, 1793-1914 ; Jean-Luc Mayaud, Philippe Henry (dir.), Horlogeries Le temps de l'histoire. Actes du Séminaire du Groupe franco-suisse de recherche en histoire de l'horlogerie et des micromécaniques (Neuchâtel-Besançon, 1993-1994); Natalie Petiteau, L'horlogerie des Bourgeois conquérants. Histoire des établissements Bourgeois de Damprichard (Doubs) (1780-1939).. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 4-5, 1998. pp. 1017-1021
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and epigenetic factors associated with the development of cervical cancer precursor lesions in women living with HIV in Africa.
Full text linkBackground: The relationships between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV, in an African context are limited. Given the large number of women living with HIV (WLHIV) accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is important to establish associations of HIV-related factors with high-risk (HR)-HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
Design: Prospective cohort of WLHIV attending HIV treatment centres in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (BF) and Johannesburg, South Africa (SA).
Methods: At baseline and endline (median 16 months), cervical samples and biopsies were analyzed for HPV genotyping (InnoLiPA) and by histology. HPV serology targeting 15 HPV types (12 HR) was by multiplexed pseudovirion-based serological assay. Methylation of a human gene EPB41L3 and HPV16 was measured by pyrosequencing. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations of HIV-related factors with HR-HPV and CIN2+ outcomes.
Results: Among 1238 enrolled WLHIV (BF=615; SA=623) HR-HPV prevalence was 59.1% in BF and 79.1% in SA. CIN2+ prevalence was 5.8% in BF and 22.5% in SA. Prolonged ART use (>2 years) was associated with lower HR-HPV prevalence in BF and lower CIN2+ prevalence compared to short-duration ART users and ART-naïve participants in SA.
Among 963 (77.8%) women seen at endline, HR-HPV persistence was 41.1% in BF and 30.2% in SA; CIN2+ incidence over 16-months was 1.2% in BF and 5.8% in SA. HR-HPV persistence was lower among those with prolonged ART compared to ART-naïve and short-duration ART users. CIN2+ incidence was reduced among women on ART in SA.
HPV seroprevalence and seropersistence were high (93% and 95%, respectively). Seroconversion was 23.1%, and was higher among recent ART users (≤2 years) and among those with type-specific DNA persistence compared to those who cleared infection.
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The human gene EPB41L3 showed elevated methylation in CIN2+ compared to ≤CIN1 (Mann Whitney U p=<0.001) at baseline. Higher methylation levels were found among recent ART users (≤2 years) and women with CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3.
Conclusion: WLHIV in BF and SA have high rates of HR-HPV and CIN2+, and WLHIV in SA have higher CIN2+, linked with poorer control of HIV and higher frequency of cofactors for HR-HPV and CIN2+. Prolonged and effective ART is important in controlling HR-HPV and the development of CIN2+. WLHIV are infected with multiple HR-HPV types and there is limited evidence that HPV antibodies protect against same-type reinfection. WLHIV may benefit from vaccination using a multivalent vaccine. DNA methylation of a tumour suppressor gene EPB41L3 is elevated among women with CIN2+ and shows promise as a biomarker test for CIN2+ prediction among WLHIV
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sexual and reproductive health risk factors and risk of cervical cancer in developing countries
Full text linkBackground: Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the second most common cancer
among women in developing countries where early age at first sexual intercourse
(AFSI) and first pregnancy (AFP) are prevalent events. The epidemiological
evidence of how these sexual and reproductive health (SRH) factors impact the
natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) and ICC remain inconclusive. It
has been debated that a woman's risk for ICC will depend more on the "high-risk"
sexual behaviour of the male partner than of her own behaviour. Passive smoking
in the context of couples is unclear. The aim is to study SRH factors in relation to
ICC risk in developing countries.
Methods: Study 1 evaluated the risk of ICC and its association with AFSI and
AFP in a pooled analysis of IARC case-control studies of ICC from eight
developing countries. Study 2 assessed these SRH factors and risk of HPV
persistence in a population-based natural history cohort study in Guanacaste,
Costa Rica. Study 3 characterised the male role in the aetiology of ICC among
couples in a pooled analysis of five ICC case-control studies and two cervical
carcinoma in situ (CIS) case-control studies.
Results: The ICC risk was 2.4-fold among those who reported AFSI and AFP :~a6
years compared with AFSI and AFP ~21 years. Decreasing AFP, not AFSI, was
associated with an increased risk of a-year persistence. Lifetime number of sexual
partners of the husband was the strongest predictor of CIS and ICC risk. The
absence of circumcision was significantly associated with an increased risk of CIS.
A 2-fold increased risk of ICC was also found among couples with both ever
smoking men and women.
These data confirm AFSI and AFP as risk factors for ICC, but any
independent effects could not be distinguished. The association of AFP with HPV
persistence suggests that AFP may play a more relevant role in cervical
carcinogenesis. The combined effects of exposure to active and passive smoking
suggest its potential adverse role in cervical carcinogenesis
The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Genital Chlamydial Infection in the UK
Full text linkThis PhD thesis explores the cost-effectiveness of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening, in
the context of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) currently being
implemented in England. It uses statistical, mathematical and economic modelling techniques
and methods. The epidemiology ofCT in the UK is explored by identifying studies through a
systematic literature review. The data from them are extracted and analysed using regression
techniques and CT prevalence is estimated, indicating a high burden in young women in
health care settings. The prevalence estimates are used along with data on past CT treatment
and sexual mixing behaviour to parameterise an individual-based dynamic mathematical
model of CT transmission:' An extensive fitting process identified parameter values that
generated realistic epidemiology and sexual behaviour, to optimise public health applicability
ofthe model.
The cost of offering CT screening is estimated based on empirical data from a screening
study. The flow of patients through a screening programme is modelled and the associated
costs of testing and treatment of positives are estimated. Results from the sensitivity analyses
indicate that the proportion of individuals accepting a screening offer has the biggest impact
on the results, and highlight how costs could be minimised. In the final analysis, results ofthe
parameterised dynamic model are combined with an economic model of disease progression
and costs to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the NCSP strategy and alternatives. Results
indicate that the current NCSP strategy (screen women and men aged under 25 years) may be
cost-effective when compared to no screening, but that alternate, less inclusive strategies may
be more acceptable on cost-effectiveness grounds. Assumptions about the progression from
CT to pelvic inflammatory disease have the largest impact on the result
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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