1,721,065 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Importance de la distribution et du type des lésions artérielles mésentériques dans l'ischémie mésentérique aiguë artérielle occlusive
No full textIntroduction: acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a severe condition with a high mortality rate. Occlusive arterial forms are the most common, often involving the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The impact of the type and distribution of SMA lesions on patient management and outcomes is not well understood. Our objective was to describe and assess the influence of the type and distribution of SMA lesions on the management and prognosis of patients with acute occlusive arterial mesenteric ischemia. Materials and Methods: this was a retrospective observational study including patients treated for acute occlusive arterial mesenteric ischemia between 2016 and 2024. Venous, non-occlusive, and stenosing forms without complete occlusion were not included. SMA involvement was classified according to Tual et al., dividing the SMA into proximal (S1), middle (S2), and distal (S3) segments. Lesions of the jejunal and colic arteries, as well as the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), were also described. Each segment was graded as follows: 1) stenosis, 2) complete occlusion with downstream perfusion reflow, 3) complete occlusion without downstream perfusion reflow. The overall clot burden was the sum of the grades across all segments, while the constant clot burden was the sum of the grades for segments S1, S2, S3, J1 to J3, and C3. Management strategies (endovascular or open revascularization, surgical resection), gastrointestinal morbidity (short bowel syndrome [SBS], home parenteral nutrition [HPN]), and mortality were compared to clot burden. Results: a total of 142 patients were included (mean age 67 years, 85 men [60%]). The cause was embolic in 97 patients (68%) and thrombotic in 43 patients (30%). The mean lactate level was 2.50 mmol/L, with half of the patients having lactate >2 mmol/L. A total of 122 patients (86%) underwent one or more revascularization attempts. Surgical resection was performed in 85 patients. At the end of the study, the overall mortality rate was 39%, while 18% of resected patients survived without gastrointestinal sequelae, 22% developed SBS, and 14% required HPN. Vascular analysis showed that nearly half of the patients had primary involvement of segment S2, compared to 15% for S3 and 37% for S1. The mean length of the main lesion was 51 mm ± 36 mm, and 51 patients (36%) had a lesion >50 mm. In total, 75 patients (53%) had occlusive lesions with downstream perfusion recovery, while 67 patients (47%) had at least one occlusion without recovery. Additionally, 33 patients (23%) had occlusions in more than two territories without downstream reflow, and 17 patients (12%) had more than one occluded jejunal artery without reflow. Clot distribution influenced the type of endovascular treatment. For example, patients who received stents most often had an S1 occlusion with downstream reflow, those who underwent thrombolysis had an S3 occlusion with downstream opacification, and those treated with thrombectomy had an S2-S3 occlusion with downstream opacification. There was no correlation between lesion burden and technical failure of the endovascular approach, nor with vessel patency on the first follow-up scan. Clot burden was associated with the length of intestinal resection. As clot burden increased, outcomes worsened: patients who underwent resection without sequelae had mostly stenotic lesions or occlusions with downstream reflow, while those with SBS and requiring HPN had mainly occlusions without reflow in S2-S3 and jejunal segments. There was no relationship between mortality and the location, length, or number of lesions, nor with clot burden. However, mortality was associated with inferior mesenteric artery occlusion, a finding that persisted in multivariate analysis. Discussion: this study is the first to introduce the concept of clot burden in acute mesenteric ischemia. It is associated with the type of endovascular treatment but does not influence the technical failure of endovascular procedures or vessel patency at first follow-up. A long lesion with multiple occluded segments should not deter vascular surgeons or interventional radiologists from attempting revascularization. Clot burden correlates with gastrointestinal morbidity but not mortality, which appears to be linked to other factors, such as inferior mesenteric artery occlusion. Conclusion: the distribution and type of SMA lesions influence the choice of endovascular treatment in patients with acute occlusive arterial mesenteric ischemia. Lesion burden has prognostic value, particularly regarding gastrointestinal morbidity.Introduction : l’ischémie mésentérique aiguë (IMA) est une maladie grave associée à une mortalité élevée. Les formes artérielles occlusives sont les plus fréquentes et sont généralement dues à des atteintes de l'artère mésentérique supérieure (AMS). La valeur du type et de la distribution des lésions de l'AMS sur la prise en charge et le devenir des patients n'est pas connue. Notre objectif était de décrire et d'évaluer l'influence du type et de la distribution des lésions de l'AMS sur la prise en charge et l’évolution des patients atteints d'une IMA artérielle occlusive. Matériel et méthode : il s’agissait d’une étude observationnelle rétrospective incluant les patients pris en charge pour une IMA artérielle occlusive entre 2016 et 2024. Les formes veineuses, non occlusives, sténosantes sans occlusion complète n'ont pas été incluses. L'atteinte de l'AMS était décrite selon Tual et coll., divisant l'AMS en segment proximal (S1), tronculaire (S2) et distal (S3) et décrivant les branches jéjunales et coliques. Chaque segment était gradé en 1) sténose, 2) occlusion complète avec reprise du lit d'aval et 3) occlusion complète sans reprise du lit d'aval. La charge lésionnelle globale était la somme des grades pour tous les segments et la charge lésionnelle constante était la somme des segments S1, S2, S3, J1 à J3 et C3. La prise en charge (revascularisation endovasculaire ou ouverte, résection chirurgicale), la morbidité gastro-entérologique (syndrome du grêle court [SGC], nutrition parentérale à domicile [NPAD]) ainsi que la mortalité ont été comparées à la charge lésionnelle. Résultats : 142 patients ont été inclus (âge moyen de 67 ans, 85 hommes [60%]). L’origine était embolique chez 97 patients (68%), thrombotique chez 43 (30%). La moitié des patients avaient un taux de lactate >2mmol/L. 122 patients (86%) ont eu une revascularisation. 85 patients ont été réséqués. La mortalité globale était de 39%, 18% des patients étaient réséqués et vivant sans séquelle gastro-entérologique, 22% avec un SGC et 14% une NPAD. L'analyse vasculaire a montré une majorité d’atteinte, S2, contre 15% pour S3 et 37% pour S1. La longueur moyenne de la lésion principale était de 51mm +/- 36mm, et 51 patients (36%) avaient une lésion >50mm. Au total, 75 patients (53%) avaient des lésions à type d'occlusion avec reprise d'aval, 67 patients (47%) avaient au moins une occlusion sans reprise d'aval, 33 patients (23%) avaient >2 territoires occlus sans reprise, et 17 patients (12%) avaient plus d’une artère jéjunale occluse sans reprise. La distribution des lésions était associée au type de traitement endovasculaire. Les patients stentés avaient plutôt une occlusion S1 avec reprise, les patients thrombolysés une occlusion S3 avec reprise et les patients thrombectomisés une occlusion S2 avec reprise. Il n’y avait pas d’association entre la charge lésionnelle et l’échec technique de la voie endovasculaire, ni avec la reperméabilisation au premier contrôle scanner. La charge lésionnelle était positivement associée à la longueur de résection grêlique. La charge lésionnelle augmentait, des patients réséqués sans séquelle (majorité de sténose ou occlusion avec reprise) aux patients atteints de SGC et avec NPAD (majorité d'occlusions sans reprise S2-S3 et jéjunales). Il n'y avait pas de relation entre la mortalité et le siège, la longueur ou le nombre de lésions, ni avec la charge lésionnelle. En revanche, il existait une association entre la mortalité et l'occlusion de l'artère mésentérique inférieure, qui persistait en analyse multivariée. Discussion : cette étude est la première qui introduit le concept de charge lésionnelle dans l’IMA. Elle est associée au type de traitement endovasculaire. Elle n’influence pas l’échec de la technique endovasculaire, ni la reperméabilisation au premier contrôle et une lésion longue avec occlusion de nombreux segments ne doit pas dissuader le chirurgien vasculaire ou le radiologue de réaliser le geste de revascularisation. Elle est associée à la morbidité gastro-entérologique, mais pas avec la mortalité, qui semble associée à d’autres facteurs (comme l’occlusion de l’AMI). Conclusion : la distribution et le type de lésions de l'AMS influencent le choix du traitement endovasculaire chez les patients atteints d'ischémie mésentérique aiguë artérielle occlusive. La charge lésion a une valeur pronostique, surtout sur la morbidité gastro-entérologique
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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