205 research outputs found
Hypothesis of the dimensional-geometric scheme of the Nabta-Playa megalith landscape monument
No full textThe study aimed at identifying a scheme of dimensional and geometric relation-ships that could applied to a famous megalithic monument called “calendar circle”, located in the archaeological area of Nabta Playa. In the revealed sizes, there are repetitions of some prime numbers. A special role in all these cases belongs to the prime number 37, which may be is connected with the sequence of numbers of the “Dome Algorithm” (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, 21, 29, 37, ...) , identified by the author earlier and having a cosmographic sense. Similar dimensional and geometric regularities repeatedly revealed by the author earlier. In particular, one can note in this sense the famous megalith Ales Stenar in Sweden and the Sun Boat of Pharaoh Cheops. The results obtained in this article allow us to state that the creators of “small calendar circle” of Nabta Playa were familiar with both the methods of exact geometric constructions and the ancient Egyptian linear measures system
Through global monitoring to school of the future: smartphone as a laboratory in pocket of each student
No full textThe idea to unite smartphones used as personal environmental sensors and health indicators into a scalable network for data collection and processing by the internet-cloud is proposed. Access to the sensors, which are available in every smartphone, will provide the appropriate software. Such a monitoring at the global level would reveal the impact of the electromagnetic radiation, environmental pollution and weather factors on human health. Participation of students in these measurements increases their educational and social activities
Fulfillment of Obligations Prescribed by National Legislation and International Treaties when Deciding on Extradition of Persons for Criminal Prosecution or Sentence Execution
No full textIntroduction: the article analyzes the most important procedural aspects of
extradition of persons for criminal prosecution or execution of a sentence as
a separate area of international cooperation in the field of criminal justice. The
author proceeds from the fact that the extradition procedure is a complex of
interrelated, successive procedural actions that begin from the moment of actual
detention of a person who is on the international wanted list on the initiative of
the requested state and an official notification about it, with a proposal to send
a request for his/her extradition to the Russian Federation. A similar request, but
already on the part of the Russian Federation, is sent by its competent authorities
if the requested person has Russian citizenship or does not have citizenship of the
state on whose territory this person is located. However, it can also be sent when
the requested person is a citizen of a third country or stateless. Purpose: to study
aspects of the functioning of the institution of extradition of offenders and to
propose possible solutions to problematic issues. Methods: the methodological
basis of the research is made up of general scientific methods of cognition,
including the principle of objectivity, consistency, induction, deduction, etc. as well
as private scientific methods: descriptive, linguistic, comparative legal. Results:
having considered the procedure for request forwarding, the author comes to the
conclusion that the main task of extradition of offenders is to ensure inevitability
of the punishment imposed by the court and social rehabilitation of convicts.
At the same time, it is important that criminal prosecution or enforcement of a
sentence against them are carried out in accordance with international law and
domestic legislation of the requesting state. Conclusion: the key obstacle to fullfledged functioning of the institute of extradition is the lack of state responsibility
for non-compliance with the requirements for extradition of the wanted persons
and creation of artificial restrictions in solving these issues. The author’s vision of
the way to solve this problem is proposed
Poverty and income distribution during adjustment : issues and evidence from the OECD project
No full textDrawing lessons from country studies, the authors examine the effects of adjustment policies on the distribution of income in Chile, Cote d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Morocco. After analyzing the issues that must be confronted in designing adjustment programs with a focus on poverty, they synthesize the main conclusions of the different country studies. With simulation exercises they explore the effects of the design of the adjustment packages on poverty and on the sustainability of the measures undertaken in these countries. These exercises show considerable diversity in the evolution of income distribution during adjustment. They also expose the fatal flaws of narrowly designed adjustment programs. Adjustment programs - whether focused on efficiency or on welfare - will fail when they do not recognize the interdependence of the three criteria of efficiency, welfare, and political feasibility. Adjustment programs must be carefully packaged to fit country circumstances, taking into account both the political and economic environments.Economic Stabilization,Inequality,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance
280 nm Emission Deep UV LEDs with Integrated Fresnel Microlenses
No full textAbstractWe report on the integration of flowable oxide based Fresnel microlenses with AlGaN based 280 nm light emitting diodes (LED). The lenses were fabricated on the back side of the LED sapphire substrates using direct electron beam writing. Ten concentric rings with different width and variable thickness were designed for 360 degree phase correction. Within each ring the thickness was varied in five steps to approximate a linear profile. The width of each thickness step varied from 100 nm to several microns. Outer diameter of the lens was 65μm. A focal distance of 68 μm was measured for the fabricated microlenses. At the focal plane a FWHM of intensity profile as small as 14 μm was measured for lenses integrated with 30 μm diameter UV LEDs . The maximum intensity at focal plane exceeded the background radiation by a factor of 50. Comparison of the LED performance before and after the lens fabrication did not reveal any degradation of integral efficiency of devices. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using flowable oxide Fresnel microlenses in optical systems based on micro-pixel deep UV AlGaN LEDs.</jats:p
The new trade protection : price effects of antidumping and countervailing measures in the United States
No full textThe frequent application of antidumping and countervailing measures in the United States in the 1980s has been described as a new form of protection. The author measures the effect not only of investigations (to evaluation claims of dumping or subsidies) but of the resulting duties, by measuring their impact on import prices. The dataset combines cross-section and time series data for 1981 - 86, making it possible to control for differences across industries and separately measure the effects of duties and investigations. The result suggests that for some sectors the price effect of investigations is as great as imposing a duty. Investigations that endin duties have different effects than those resulting in no action.Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT
Досудебное соглашение о сотрудничестве — новый институт российского уголовного судопроизводства
No full textProfessor A. S. Shatalov studies in this article legal regulation of a new in Russia instituteof criminal proceedings referred to as “Specific order of taking court decision under pre-trial cooperation agreement”. The author comes to a conclusion that the main drawback of the institute seems to be a very vague prospective of trying criminal cases and the absenceof any provision on the liability of state bodies for breaching terms of the agreement signedby the public prosecutor. The author proposes to transmit the public prosecutor’s powersto make a pre-trial cooperation agreement to court, i. e. participant of the criminal trial authorized not to impose supervision but create opportunities for the parties on performingtheir procedural duties and entrusted rights.В российском уголовном судопроизводстве появился институт, который в специальной литературе принято именовать: «соглашение о признании вины» (англ. — plea bargain.), «сделка с правосудием», «контракт на раскаяние», «правило основного свидетеля». Впервые он появился еще в Средние века в Великобритании под названием «апелляция раскаявшегося». Его суть заключалась в том, что преступник мог избежать смерти (к смерти в то время приговаривали не только за убийство, но и, например, за кражу), если он рассказывал властям о преступлениях, совершенных другим
A Nuclear Spin Selective Control over the DNA Repair Key Enzyme Might Renovate the Cancer–Fight Paradigm. DNA Polymerase Beta to Engage with a Magnetic Isotope Effect
No full textDNA Polymerase Beta (EC 2.7.7.7) is found to be operated by magnetic isotope effect (MIE) of Calcium once the Mg2+ ions replaced with the stable 43Ca2+ isotopes inside the enzyme catalytic sites. The isotope mentioned is the only paramagnetic species of the Calcium isotopic set with a 0.135 natural abundance value and the negative 7/2 nuclear spin providing a nuclear magnetic moment equal to 1.317 Bohr magnetons. As compared to the Mg/40Ca substitution, a 2.25-fold enzyme inhibition has been shown to provethe43Ca-MIE dependent mode of the catalysis turning down.An ion-radical mechanism based on the singlet – triplet conversion of the enzyme generated intermediates (ion-radical pairs) is found to be engaged once the paramagnetic metal isotope involved into the catalysis studied.The MIE promotes a primary reaction in DNA synthesis constituting in electron transfer between the ion – radical forming partners, [Ca(H2O)n2+] and [Ca2+(dNTP)]. Once the metal isotope substitution takes place inside just one of two DNA Polymerase Beta catalytic sites, a consequent43Ca – promoted inhibition leads to a residual synthesis of shorted DNA fragments that counts 25 – 35 nucleotides in length contrasting with the 180n – 210n DNA produced by either intact or40Ca – loaded polymerase. Being occurred simultaneously with a marked MIE – promoted enzyme inhibition, this fact itself makes possible to consider these short (“size-invalidâ€) DNA segments hardly efficient in the DNA base – excision repair. The latter is a survival factor in leukemic cells where the DNApolβ was found overexpressed. That supports a standpoint considering theDNApolβ a legitimate target for antitumor agents since its inhibition deprives the malignant cell from a DNA base – excision repair in neoplasma. A possible trend making role of these data in the current developments on a novel concept - establishing chemical background for cancer therapies is in a focus
Combined Optical And Electrical Analysis of AlGaN-Based Deep-UV LEDs Reliability
No full textThis paper describes an analysis of the reliability of AlGaN-based
deep-UV Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) emitting in the range 280-
340 nm. LEDs have been aged at their nominal operating current,
and during treatment their electrical and optical characteristics have
been continuously monitored.
Measurement results show that (i) constant current stress can
induce degradation of the optical power emitted by the devices; (ii)
degradation is more prominent at low measuring current level, thus
suggesting that efficiency decrease is related to the generation of
non-radiative paths; (iii) degradation does not imply a significant
variation of the operating voltage of the devices, thus indicating that
the characteristics of the ohmic contacts are stable over stress time;
(iv) optical power decrease takes place together with modifications of
the C-V apparent charge profiles, indicating that the generation of
non-radiative paths is related to charge instabilities in the QW region
Deformation of Shape-Memory Materials
No full textAbstractWe present an overview of a theory of martensitic transformations developed by J. M. Ball and the author, and additional related results by Bhattacharya, Chu and Collins and Luskin and Kinderlehrer. This theory is in a form that is amenable to detailed numerical computations of microstructure. We describe the energy minimizing microstructures of a single crystal under applied displacements and under detailed dead loading. The relation of the theory to the crystallographic theory of martensite is presented.A consequence of the theory is the sensitivity of the patterns of microstructure to the precise lattice parameters. In the case of the wedge-like microstructure studied by Bhattacharya, it is found that this microstructure is only possible as a coherent, energy minimizing microstructure if very restrictive conditions on the lattice parameters are satisfied. Materials that exhibit the wedge satisfy this relation closely. The analysis suggests that optimal shape-memory behavior may be related to relations of this type.The theory has a relation to the work of Khachaturyan, Roitburd and Shatalov. We compare and contrast the two approaches. We present results that suggest that any approach based on the kinematics of linear elasticity will make serious quantitative errors in the prediction of microstructure.</jats:p
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