13 research outputs found
Propuesta de un sistema de categorización conductual en ratones de la cepa CD1.
No full textLa conducta es un concepto que se ha tratado de comprender desde tiempos remotos, su evolución ha transitado a la par de las ciencias naturales, la Biología, la Psicología comparada entre otras disciplinas. La Psicología no se limita únicamente al estudio conductual del ser humano, es así que las especies animales no humanas han formado parte importante del estudio de la conducta dentro de esta disciplina. La experimentación animal ha contribuido a entender la relación existente entre los patrones conductuales de los diferentes organismos vivos. Esta investigación exhibe los fundamentos metodológicos y teóricos para el desarrollo de un sistema de categorización conductual en ratones de la cepa CD1. Se utiliza una investigación de tipo explicativa-observacional, con un diseño monotético multidimensional y de seguimiento, empleando registros de conducta y para su análisis, recurriendo a cuatro observadores independientes con los que se estima el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen y la prueba de independencia estadística Chi-Cuadrado. Los resultados demuestran que el sistema de categorización conductual fue construido con base en 5 categorías generales, mismas que se conforman por conductas específicas. Mediante los registros de conducta se evidencia que son conductas que realizan las unidades biológicas de análisis a lo largo de los días de investigación. A su vez, el análisis de concordancia muestra que los cuatro observadores empleados coinciden casi perfectamente con el sistema creado. Las significancias arrojadas determinan que existe relación entre el sistema de categorización y las observaciones independientes, confirmando así la hipótesis generada.TesisTrabajo de titulació
Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, prevención y control de la hipertensión arterial
Get PDFIntroduction: arterial hypertension is a serious non-communicable disease that signi-
ficantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, nephropathies, encephalopathies
and cerebrovascular pathologies. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study with
a quantitative and qualitative approach. Sample: 120 patients with a diagnosis of arterial
hypertension belonging to the Azogues Canton. Techniques and instruments: Survey
and interview, Morisky Green scale and semi-structured interview. Results: 54.2% were
adherent, 60.8% were female, 50% were married, 36.7% were housewives, 44.2% had
primary education, 54.2% were from urban areas. 61.7% were not ailiated with any health
insurance company. A total of 61.7% are not ailiated with IESS. The mean weight was 69.8,
and a BMI of 28.6 which corresponds to overweight, abdominal circumference of 100.4.
Mean systolic blood pressure was 131.6 and diastolic blood pressure 76.1. Perceptions on
disease prevention and control with the AtlasTi program were they did not use tobacco and
made important changes in their lifestyle. Conclusions: almost half of the participants are
not adherent, more than half do not have comorbidities, are overweight, are not ailiated
to the IESS, do not smoke and have changed their lifestyleObjetivo: determinar los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, prevención y control de la hipertensión arterial. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Muestra: 120 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial que pertenecen al Cantón Azogues. Técnicas e instrumentos: la escala de Morisky Green que mide adherencia farmacológica, consta de 7 ítems con respuestas de si o no, y 1 pregunta en escala de Likert; son adherentes con un puntaje de 8, menos de 8 no son adherentes, la entrevista semiestructurada con 14 preguntas que miden control y prevención de la Hipertensión Arterial. Análisis estadístico: Atlas Ti para la valoración cualitativa y el programa JAMOVI para el análisis cuantitativo, prueba T para muestras independientes y análisis descriptivo Resultados: la escala de Morisky Green determina que el 54,2% son adherentes, el 60,8% pertenecen al sexo femenino con una media en el tiempo de diagnóstico fue de 8,4 años, 50,8% no poseen comorbilidades pero el 30% presenta diabetes como comorbilidad, media de edad en hombres 55 años, mujeres 52,1 años, de ocupación amas de casa un 36,7%, y 44,2% de instrucción primaria, 54,2 de procedencia urbana. El 61,7% no tiene afiliación al IESS, la valoración cualitativa indica que la mayoría compra sus medicamentos. La media del peso se ubicó en 69,8, y un IMC de 28,6 que según la OMS corresponde a sobrepeso, circunferencia abdominal de 100,4. La presión arterial sistólica media es de 131,6 y la diastólica 76,1. Las percepciones sobre prevención y control de la enfermedad con el programa Atlas Ti fueron: no consumen tabaco, alimentación a base de carbohidratos, algunos realizan ejercicio físico, y pocos conocen las complicaciones de la enfermedad Conclusiones: más de la mitad de pacientes son adherentes, un alto porcentaje presentan comorbilidades, La mayoría presentan sobrepeso, no están afiliados al IESS, no fuman y cambiaron su estilo de vida
Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ-A) personality traits and PCL-R Psychopathy levels in women prisoners
No full textThe main objective of this study was to establish the existence of a relationship between the psychoticism scale and the psychopathy levels of the PCL-R, determining the presence of associations between these two scales in women deprived of liberty. A descriptive and correlational type of research with a quantitative approach was adopted. The sample was formed from the analysis of the files of 116 women deprived of liberty in the Turi Prison in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The results show a high correlation between the two instruments used: PCL-R and EPQ-A, although there were variations according to age and marital status. No relationship was found between the variables of both instruments when they were crossed with schooling and type of crime. For the most part, and as a conclusion, the results coincide with the literature
Pressure ulcers in older adults
No full textThe problem of pressure ulcers is an issue that has a great impact on patient morbidity and mortality, so risk assessment and nursing care to prevent them have become one of the most important actions to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers. This work aimed to conduct a literature review on pressure ulcers in elderly patients. A descriptive literature review study of digital documents was conducted between 2017 and 2021; 1,156 documents were recorded, of which 1,126 were excluded, finally selecting 30 documents. This study concludes that the prevalence of pressure ulcers in the elderly population increased to 7.43% in Latin American hospitals. The most found associated factors are moderate and severe cognitive impairment, a functional level of partial or total dependence, the presence of urinary incontinence, among others. On the other hand, according to the studies reviewed, it was shown that the complications generated by the appearance of pressure ulcers in the elderly can alter health and quality of life, leading to disability or even death. Prevention of pressure ulcers can be effective if adequate health strategies are followed, such as changes in position when the patient is bedridden, skincare, and supportive measures
Aprendizaje de Habilidades Sociales en estudiantes de enfermería según la metodología en el aula
No full textSocial Skills (SS) represents an especially important set of competencies in for healthcare professionals. This work aimed to evaluate different methodologies available for the training of nursing students in SS. A quasi-experimental investigation was designed in which 189 university students participated divided into a control group and three training groups. The experimental groups were made up of students who took the subject of Social Skills. A behavioral approach was compared with two levels of implementation of the collaborative learning technique known as Aronson\u27s puzzle. A pre-test and a post-test were performed using the Interpersonal Difficulties Questionnaire. The results showed greater effectiveness of training through cooperative learning, a superiority that was only verified when the technique was introduced systematically in the classroom, endorsing the relevance of using this methodology in university teaching when it comes to strengthening social interaction skills.Las Habilidades Sociales (HS) representan un conjunto de competencias especialmente importantes en los profesionales de la salud. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar diferentes metodologías disponibles para el entrenamiento de las habilidades sociales en estudiantes de enfermería. Se diseñó una investigación cuasi-experimental en la que participaron 189 estudiantes universitarios divididos en un grupo control y tres grupos de entrenamiento. Los grupos experimentales estaban formados por estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura de SS. Se comparó un enfoque conductual con dos niveles de aplicación de la técnica de aprendizaje colaborativo conocida como puzzle de Aronson. Se realizó un pre-test y un post-test utilizando el Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales. Los resultados mostraron una mayor eficacia del entrenamiento a través del aprendizaje cooperativo, superioridad que sólo se verificó cuando la técnica se introdujo sistemáticamente en el aula, avalando la pertinencia de utilizar esta metodología en la enseñanza universitaria cuando se trata de potenciar las habilidades de interacción social
Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ-A) personality traits and PCL-R Psychopathy levels in women prisoners
No full textThe main objective of this study was to establish the existence of a relationship between the psychoticism scale and the psychopathy levels of the PCL-R, determining the presence of associations between these two scales in women deprived of liberty. A descriptive and correlational type of research with a quantitative approach was adopted. The sample was formed from the analysis of the files of 116 women deprived of liberty in the Turi Prison in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The results show a high correlation between the two instruments used: PCL-R and EPQ-A, although there were variations according to age and marital status. No relationship was found between the variables of both instruments when they were crossed with schooling and type of crime. For the most part, and as a conclusion, the results coincide with the literature
Úlceras por presión en adultos mayores
No full textThe problem of pressure ulcers is an issue that has a great impact on patient morbidity and mortality, so risk assessment and nursing care to prevent them have become one of the most important actions to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers. This work aimed to conduct a literature review on pressure ulcers in elderly patients. A descriptive literature review study of digital documents was conducted between 2017 and 2021; 1,156 documents were recorded, of which 1,126 were excluded, finally selecting 30 documents. This study concludes that the prevalence of pressure ulcers in the elderly population increased to 7.43% in Latin American hospitals. The most found associated factors are moderate and severe cognitive impairment, a functional level of partial or total dependence, the presence of urinary incontinence, among others. On the other hand, according to the studies reviewed, it was shown that the complications generated by the appearance of pressure ulcers in the elderly can alter health and quality of life, leading to disability or even death. Prevention of pressure ulcers can be effective if adequate health strategies are followed, such as changes in position when the patient is bedridden, skincare, and supportive measures.El problema de las úlceras por presión es un tema que tiene un gran impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes, por lo que la valoración del riesgo y los cuidados de enfermería para prevenirlas se han convertido en una de las acciones más importantes para reducir la incidencia de las úlceras por presión. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las úlceras por presión en pacientes de edad avanzada. Se realizó un estudio de revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de documentos digitales entre 2017 y 2021; se registraron 1.156 documentos, de los cuales se excluyeron 1.126, seleccionando finalmente 30 documentos. Este estudio concluye que la prevalencia de las úlceras por presión en la población anciana aumentó a 7,43% en los hospitales de América Latina. Los factores asociados más encontrados son: el deterioro cognitivo moderado y severo, un nivel funcional de dependencia parcial o total, la presencia de incontinencia urinaria, entre otros. Por otro lado, según los estudios revisados, se demostró que las complicaciones generadas por la aparición de úlceras por presión en los ancianos pueden alterar la salud y la calidad de vida, llevando a la discapacidad o incluso a la muerte. La prevención de las úlceras por presión puede ser efectiva si se siguen estrategias sanitarias eficaces, como: cambios de posición cuando el paciente está encamado, cuidados de la piel y medidas de apoyo
Factores de riesgo y prevalencia de la lesión medular en adultos: una revisión sistemática
Get PDFIntroducción: La lesión medular es la perdida de la fuerza, la función sensitiva y motora por debajo de la lesión, que afecta a un gran número de la población. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura los factores de riesgo y prevalencia de la lesión medular en adultos de 19 a 64 años mediante una revisión sistemática. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática a partir del año 2018 al 2022, en Scopus, Pubmed y Web of Science, para la realización de este proceso, se siguieron las recomendaciones del método PRISMA. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos empíricos publicados en inglés y español. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 15 artículos, la media de prevalencia fue 41,5% y los factores de riesgo más relevantes fueron los accidentes de tránsito y las caídas Conclusión: Es de suma importancia, generar políticas de salud pública de prevención con la finalidad de disminuir la prevalencia de la lesión medular por accidentes y caídas
A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity
Get PDFAs average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up to now there is no tool available to deal with these issues in a comprehensive and adequate manner. A new tool, presented here, the Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA) has therefore been developed. It takes into account all actions, from the sun to final services, in three stages: solar energy bioconversion and phytomass production at I; conversion of phytomass and non renewable resources into final products and waste disposal at II ; arrangement of products to meet final needs, such as nutrition, housing mobility etc. at III. IEAs start at the global level with the “GIEA” , the results of which are then to be confronted with constraints at local levels from “LIEAs”. This new tool can be used to identify impacts of technological changes in land management and to compare alternative practices better than with LCAs. It was used to analyze environmental impacts of technological changes between 1950 and 2000 in France, in wheat production at stage I. It appeared that not only yields, but also the primary mitigation potential (PMP) per hectare have been multiplied by 4, whereas the net primary energy gain per ha has been multiplied by 3.2. Besides this, 14,5 Mha (the area of the French forest about a quarter of France) land use change could be avoided; in the case of deforestation this would have led to the emission of more than 4 billion tons of CO2. Lessons are drawn from the past and for the next fifty years: In developed and industrialized countries, alternative managements of land and increased use of non food phytomass can and should be envisaged. In Sub-Saharan Africa population is expected to double during the next 50 years and soil fertility is drastically decreasing; agricultural practices are no longer sustainable. If no changes appear in agriculture, forests and GHG emission from deforestation as well as biodiversity are threatened by further and inevitable land use change. Increasing yields per hectare should therefore become the priority; it would at the same time increase food security, improve mitigation and adaptation to climate change, help to combat deforestation and desertification, better preserve biodiversity, and ultimately also allow more bioenergy production: This would improve the food security and at the same time help to achieve the objectives of the three main UN environmental conventions and of the UN Millennium Goal.Greenhouse Gas Emission, Fossil Fuel, Biodiversity
Prefigurative Politics: Perils and Promise
Get PDFMany recent social movements have been characterised by their commitment to direct democratic decision-making procedures and leaderless, non-hierarchic organizational structures. This political tendency also implies the search for autonomy from existing political institutions and practises. Movements seek instead to embody in the political action itself the social relations, ways of collective decision-making and values that are ultimately desired for the whole society. This prefigurative approach to social change is often criticized for being naiive or marginal. This thesis argues first that this is not the case, but that prefigurative politics is misunderstood due to its differing view on questions of strategy, organisation and ultimately the possibility of fundamental societal change. The dissertation first outlines the often implicit strategy or vision of change underpinning prefigurative politics. It then identifies as the key challenge for prefigurative movements their ability to avoid reproducing oppressive forms of power, ‘power-over.’ This understudied aspect is investigated through extensive ethnographic field research with the unemployed workers movement, MTD Lanús in Buenos Aires, and the Zapatista movement in Mexico. The thesis concludes that it seems impossible to completely avoid reproducing old forms of power. Often key individuals in the movements end up in a paradoxical position whereby, in an effort to ensure the group’s prefigurative nature, these individuals enjoy non-prefigurative influence. The findings imply that the state and corresponding political forms and practise are not the only source of hierarchic pressures. As such, it would be more useful to view prefigurative political action as desirable, yet impossible
