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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The greek beekeeping in a diachronic context: materials, methods, and land use
No full textAccording to indirect evidence, beekeeping appeared in the Greek territory during the Bronze Age, in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC at the latest. However, our knowledge regarding the techniques of beekeeping practice is unknown. In fact, an important piece of information we still miss is the type (or types) of beehive used in this period. And despite the many suggestions made, there is no certainty concerning the beehives used. Ancient Greek literature offers scarce evidence regarding the beekeeping practice, but absolutely no hint about the hives used. On the contrary, ancient Latin texts include considerable information about beehive types and uses. On the other hand, archaeological investigations in Greece shed some light on the matter, as evidenced by ceramic beehives that are unique within the entire Mediterranean. These beehives are different than those described by Roman authors, and they could be divided into three main types: a) horizontal, open-at-one-end beehives, with quite short extension rings adjusted to their mouths; b) horizontal open-at-one-end beehives, with one or more holes pierced at the closed edge; and c) vertical open-at-the-top beehives. In addition, there is some evidence for the use of horizontal beehives open-at-both-ends, which, however, has not been confirmed. The use of horizontal open-at-one-end beehive, which was undoubtedly the commonest type in ancient Greece, along with the vertical open-at-the-top type, demanded beekeeping handling that differed from those described by Roman authors. To test how these types of ceramic beehives worked, we practiced experimental beekeeping employing replicas of both these types. As a result of this archaeological experiment a) we clarified the mode of operation of the horizontal open-at-one-end beehive type with the extension rings, and b) we proved that it was the vertical open-at-the-top type used in antiquity; in fact, this type was used as movable-comb beehive, in the same way as the traditional beehives of similar shape were utilized until recently in some areas of southern Greece. During the early and middle Byzantine period, at least in southern Greece, beekeeping continued using the horizontal beehive types known since antiquity. From the 6th/7th century onwards, open-at-both-ends ceramic beehives have been used. From the 7th century, open-at-one-end beehives with a hole at the closed edge were also used, at least in Crete. However, the hole at the closed end of the hives did not constitute an entrance for the bees. These hives bearded extension rings placed at their mouth and they were placed steadily inside bee boles. Thus, the role of the hole at the closed end is suggested to have served as a ventilator to avoid excessive moisture. Beekeeping with hives made of other materials as practiced in Byzantine times is, evidenced, at least to some degree, from the scant but valuable information of Byzantine authors, the miniatures found in Greek manuscripts, and those in the Exultet scrolls from southern Italy. There is not much information about beekeeping practiced during the post-Byzantine era. However, two works by Greek beekeepers, namely Zuanne Papadopoli and Abbot Della Rocca, written in Italian and French, respectively, constitute documents regarding the beekeeping of that period in central Crete and on Syros Island. The travel impressions of foreign travelers who visited Greek areas in the 17th and 18th centuries also offer valuable information about Greek beekeeping, especially that of Attica. The information regarding beekeeping during the last two centuries gathered herewith originates from published resources and unpublished sources; it concerns all regions where Greek beekeepers were used to be active during the above period of time, including the southern coast of the Black Sea (Pontus), Cappadocia, western Asia Minor, Eastern Thrace, Cyprus, and of course nowadays Greece. Thus, a picture of traditional Greek beekeeping (as complete as possible) was created for the first time, which allowed comparisons in space and, in several cases, over time. Indeed, there is some continuity of beekeeping practice from antiquity to the 20th century, which is rather evident in certain areas of southern Greece. In these areas, viz. Crete, Cythera, the eastern Peloponnese, the Argo-Saronic islands, a large part of Attica, the Cycladic Islands, the islands of the eastern Aegean, and the Dodecanese, the types of hives used were similar to those used in the antiquity and the Middle Ages. These were of the following three types: a) the horizontal open-at-one-end, in which extensions were also placed; b) the horizontal open-at-one-end with a hole at its closed end; and c) the vertical open-at-the-top. In none of these types of hives, bee colonies have been ever killed for honey harvest. In central and northern mainland Greece, the Ionian Islands, and some northern Aegean islands, traditional beekeeping was radically different from that of antiquity. Beekeeping was basically practiced by using vertical open-at-the-bottom hive types. In several areas of the central and northern parts of the Greek mainland, bee colonies in open-at-the-bottom hives were killed to collect honey and wax, in cases until the mid-20th century. The traditional beekeeping of Cyprus differed markedly from that of Greece. In Cyprus, exclusively horizontal beehives made mainly of sun-dried mud or clay were used. On this island, the beekeeping seems to be similar to that of the Near East, where the aforementioned beehives were in use, at least since the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. Traditional beekeeping started to decline, abandoned en masse by Greek beekeepers, in the 1960s and especially the 1970s in favor of the frame hive whose use marks the transition towards modern beekeeping. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, traditional beekeeping in Greece and Cyprus was essentially abandoned due to the arrival of Varroa destructor, a mite enemy of bees from Indochina, which could not be treated in the conditions of traditional beekeeping.Η μελισσοκομία εμφανίστηκε στον ελλαδικό χώρο κατά την Εποχή του Χαλκού, το αργότερο στα μέσα της 2ης χιλιετίας π.Χ.. Έως τώρα, ωστόσο, δεν έχουν επιβεβαιωθεί οι χρησιμοποιούμενοι από τους προϊστορικούς μελισσοκόμους τύποι κυψελών. Κατά την κλασική αρχαιότητα ήσαν σε χρήση τρεις επιβεβαιωμένοι τύποι πήλινων κυψελών, οι δύο εκ των οποίων ήσαν άγνωστοι σε άλλες περιοχές της Μεσογείου. Ο τρόπος λειτουργίας των κυψελών αυτών εξακριβώθηκε δια της πειραματικής άσκησης μελισσοκομίας με αντίγραφα των κυψελών της αρχαιότητας. Απεδείχθη ότι ο κάθετος ανάστομος τύπος αρχαίας κυψέλης λειτουργούσε με τη μέθοδο των κινητών κηρηθρών, η οποία εφαρμοζόταν στη νότια Ελλάδα έως πριν κάποιες δεκαετίες. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της διατριβής κατέστη επίσης σαφής ο τρόπος λειτουργίας του οριζόντιου μονόστομου τύπου στον οποίον τοποθετούνταν μικρά προεκτάματα. Κατά την πρώιμη και μέση βυζαντινή περίοδο συνεχίστηκε, βάσει των αρχαιολογικών τεκμηρίων, η άσκηση μελισσοκομίας με τους οριζόντιους τύπους πήλινων κυψελών που ήσαν γνωστοί από την αρχαιότητα. Μικρογραφίες που απαντούν σε χειρόγραφα και μερικές πληροφορίες της βυζαντινής γραμματείας βοηθούν στην κατανόηση της βυζαντινής μελισσοκομίας και των εφαρμοζόμενων μεθόδων για κυψέλες από διαφορετικά υλικά κατασκευής και όχι μόνο για τις πήλινες που φέρνει στο φως η αρχαιολογική σκαπάνη. Για τη μεταβυζαντινή εποχή, δύο έργα Ελλήνων μελισσοκόμων που συγγράφηκαν σε ξένη γλώσσα και οι ταξιδιωτικές εντυπώσεις ξένων περιηγητών που επισκέφθηκαν την Ελλάδα τον 17ο και τον 18ο αιώνα, βοηθούν ώστε να αποσαφηνιστεί η μελισσοκομία της περιόδου σε ορισμένες περιοχές, όπως στην κεντρική Κρήτη, τη Σύρο και την Αττική. Όσον αφορά στη μελισσοκομία που μετέρχονταν οι Έλληνες κατά τους δύο τελευταίους αιώνες συγκεντρώθηκαν όλες οι σχετικές πληροφορίες, δημοσιευμένες και αδημοσίευτες, ώστε να δημιουργηθεί μια πλήρης εικόνα της και να είναι εφικτές συγκρίσεις στον χώρο και, σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις, στον χρόνο. Από αυτές προκύπτει η ύπαρξη συνέχειας στην άσκηση της μελισσοκομίας από την αρχαιότητα έως των 20ό αιώνα σε περιοχές της νότιας Ελλάδας και η ριζική διαφοροποίηση από τη μελισσοκομία της αρχαιότητας για τη μελισσοκομία της κεντρικής και βόρειας χώρας, καθώς και ορισμένων νησιών του βορείου Αιγαίου και του Ιονίου
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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