1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Investigation, further development and adaption of process analytical tools for the detection of contamination in the case of the recycling of waste wood
Full text linkUm der steigenden Nachfrage nach Holz zu begegnen, bedarf es der Erschließung neuer Rohstoffquellen. Eine Maßnahme stellt die Verwertung stofflich unzureichend genutzter Ressourcen, z. B. in Form des Sekundärrohstoffs Altholz dar. Um beim Recycling eine Verschleppung von Schadstoffen zu vermeiden, müssen Verunreinigungen frühzeitig erkannt und abgetrennt werden. Zur Detektion von Kontaminationen wurden zwei Techniken der instrumentellen chemischen Analytik untersucht: die Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie im „asymmetrischen Hochfeld“ (FAIMS) und die Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS). Beide Methoden wurden auf ihre Tauglichkeit im Prozess der Altholzaufbereitung untersucht, weiterentwickelt und adaptiert. Dadurch konnte die Analysenzeit im Vergleich zu konventionellen Verfahren deutlich reduziert werden, so dass erstmals eine umfassende Materialüberwachung möglich war. Es konnte z.B. in Echtzeit mit Holzschutzmitteln behandeltes Holz von unbehandeltem unterschieden werden, trotz variierender Holzart und Feuchtigkeit. Diese grundlegende Differenzierung ist die essentielle Voraussetzung für eine Klassifizierung von Stoffströmen. So wurde sie zur Steuerung einer Sortieranlage kleinindustriellen Maßstabs verwendet, mit der es gelang, den Schadstoffgehalt von Altholz signifikant zu reduzieren. Außerdem wurde anhand quantitativer Messungen gezeigt, dass es prinzipiell möglich ist, gesetzliche Grenzwerte im Prozess kontinuierlich zu kontrollieren. Die Schnellerkennungsverfahren konnten zudem zur Unterscheidung von Materialien appliziert werden. Auf diese Weise ließen sich Störstoffe in Altholz zuverlässig detektieren und mit Hilfe dieser Information anschließend pneumatisch abtrennen. Das Ziel war es, das enthaltene nicht kontaminierte Holz zu gewinnen, welches dann z.B. zur Herstellung neuer Holzwerkstoffe stofflich genutzt werden kann. Diese Vorgehensweise ist der energetischen Nutzung nicht nur aus ökologischer, sondern auch aus ökonomischer Sicht vorzuziehen. Selbst für Holz-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffe (WPC) konnte eine Differenzierung und Sortierung, entsprechend des enthaltenen Kunststofftyps, demonstriert werden. Dies ist Voraussetzung für die hochwertige stoffliche Verwertung und konnte hier erstmals umgesetzt werden. Insgesamt wurden mit dieser Arbeit wichtige Voraussetzungen geschaffen, um den Anteil stofflich genutzten Altholzes zu erhöhen. Damit kann im nächsten Schritt die großindustrielle Umsetzung mit dem gesamten Störstoffspektrum untersucht werden.To encounter the increased demand for wood, new sources of raw material are required. Due to limited natural resources, commodities of secondary origin should be exploited, such as recovered wood. Up to now, waste wood has been insufficiently used. To avoid an unwanted cross contamination or carry-over into the recycling of timber products, these substances have to be detected and ejected previously. Two detection methods for chemical analysis were applied: field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Both techniques were investigated regarding to their practical suitability, improved and finally adapted to the waste wood cleaning process. Thus, the time for analysis could be significantly reduced in comparison to conventional procedures. Consequently, comprehensive and continuous checking of the material was made feasible for the first time. For example, wood chips treated with preservatives could be distinguished from untreated wood chips in real-time, despite varying wood species and moisture. This basic distinction is the essential requirement for classification of material streams in processes. Therefore, it was used to control an automated sorting machine of semi-industrial scale, with which the pollutant level of waste wood fractions could be clearly decreased. Additionally, quantitative measurements showed that the monitoring at legal thresholds is possible. Moreover, the fast detecting methods were successfully applied in distinguishing wood from different materials such as color coatings or plastics. Therefore, foreign particles were identified and separated by means of pneumatic nozzles. The aim was to gain the uncontaminated fractions to produce new timber products. This strategy is not only worth striving for because of ecological, but also because of economic reasons and should partially substitute popular incineration. Even for wood-plastic composites (WPC) a distinction and a sorting according to the type of plastic could be established. This is an important requirement for a high-quality substantial utilization of WPC and could be implemented on a technical scale the first time. All in all, important methodical prerequisites were accomplished in this work to increase the amount of substantially used waste wood. The next step should involve the application of the fast analytical methods in a real waste wood sorting process in the industry with the whole range of potential contamination
Untersuchung, Weiterentwicklung und Adaption prozessanalytischer Methoden zur Erkennung von Kontaminationen beim Recycling von Altholz
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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