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Il modello Olivetti: tecnologia e cultura come assi dello sviluppo aziendale (1946-1960)
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Descriptors in scenic highway analysis: a test study along Italian road corridors
No full textThe following paper illustrates the application and the verification of detailed methodologies employed by international agencies to assess the Scenic Quality of a landscape.
Several States determine a landscape’s visual quality using predictor variables. This research aims to validate the recognized ability of these predictor variables to reproduce untrained observers’ preferences. The definition of the Scenic Quality of a landscape is often affected by
subjective opinions but sometimes exceptions exist. Public judgment recognizes a high Visual Quality to landscape when natural reserves, national parks, and archaeological interest exist.
Various procedures collected in international literature suggest the use of predictor indicators to evaluate public preferences. Three variables have been chosen to analyze a series of selected Italian landscapes: Vividness, Intactness and Unity. Photographic inventories were created for
different landscapes. Pools of landscape architects judged the slides associated to each landscape using a 7-point scale for the three indicators. Identical slides were then shown to untrained observers composed of 201 students that used a 10-point scale to evaluate Scenic Beauty for each picture. Students’ judgments were then related to the expert judgments. The results indicate that vividness is most correlated with Scenic Beauty that presents a much weaker correlation
with intactness
Evaluation of roundabout entries reliability
No full textThis paper presents criteria to evaluate roundabout performance reliability. After introducing and justifying the adoption of reserve of capacity and rate of capacity as performance functions, the discussion is developed using a general calculation criterion in which the values that are involved in the limit state service condition – traffic demand and entry capacity – are random variables described by their probability density functions, that is to say by their distribution functions. A lower level criteria is then identified with which, on the basis of the estimation of suitable statistics of the performance function, a reliability index is calculated that can be compared to a prefixed reference value. Using a set of numerical applications performed on the basis of the adoption of some of the methods for capacity calculation that are more largely used in the technical practice, the criteria elaborated are concretely exemplified
Using a K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Examine Patterns of Vehicle Crashes in Before-After Analysis
No full textThe study aims to develop a support procedure to estimate the efficacy of infrastructural interventions to improve
road safety. The study was carried out on a 110 km stretch of the A3 highway, in southern Italy. Data from a huge
sample concerning traffic, geometry and accidents for two periods of the same duration were compared, for which
cluster analysis, and in particular, the “hard c means” binary partition algorithm was employed. Using cluster
analysis, all the accidents with strong similarities were aggregated. Then for each cluster, the “cluster
representative” accident was identified, to find the average among the various characteristics (geometrical,
environmental, accident-related). A “hazard index” was also created for each cluster, whereby it was possible to
establish the danger level for each “cluster”. Using this information, an accident prediction model using a
multi-variate analysis was produced. This model was used as a support for decision-making on infrastructures and
to simulate situations to which the Before-After technique could be applied
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