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Principi di legislazione farmaceutica - II Edizione
No full textIl compendio di Legislazione Farmaceutica, arrivato alla sua seconda edizione, è un testo progettato a fini didattici per studenti del Corso di Studi in Farmacia e in Chimica e Tecnologia Farmaceutiche. E' composto da 10 Capitoli e 9 Allegati. Comprende elementari nozioni di Diritto nazionale ed europeo indispensabili per la trattazione della materia che va dalla organizzazione del Servizio Sanitario, all'esercizio della Professione di Farmacista ai nuovi servizi sanitari erogabili nelle farmacie (Servizio infermieristico, fisioterapia, prenotazioni CUP, diagnostica di prima istanza). In questo testo si parla anche delle Professioni Sanitarie nella loro recentissima evoluzione, delle responsabilità professionali del Farmacista (amministrative, penali, civili e deontologiche), dell'articolazione del Servizio Farmaceutico ovvero della dislocazione territoriale delle farmacie aperte al pubblico, di tutti gli aspetti della produzione e distribuzione dei medicinali ad uso umano e ad uso veterinario (medicinali industriali e galenici) compresa la normativa sull'etichettatura e il foglietto illustrativo, della pubblicità dei medicinali -consentita solo per determinate categorie - dei prodotti a valenza sanitaria vendibili nelle farmacie - e loro specifica regolamentazione europea (medical devices, cosmetici, alimenti speciali quali integratori e dietetici, dispositivi medico-chirurgici). Gli allegati comprendono oltre al Codice Deontologico del Farmacista e al suo "Commentario", i vari modelli ufficiali di Ricette, il registro Stupefacenti, il modulo "buono- acquisto", tutti con le proprie specifiche "norme d'uso"
Patentability of antibodies for therapeutic use in Europe
No full textGeneral guidelines are presented on the types of patent protection available for inventions arising from research in the field of monoclonal antibodies, using concepts drawn from European case law and expert practice
THE ITALIAN AND BRITISH PHARMACY MODEL: A COMPARISON
No full textThis study looks at the different methods and roles of Pharmacists in Italy and the United Kingdom. The investigation was prompted by personal experience gained during a curricular internship in summer 2021, as part of an Erasmus student exchange program at Browns Pharmacy1, a group of 11 pharmacies in Birmingham, in the English Midlands, and completed in 2022 in an Italian Pharmacy. The results are reported in the form of comparative Tables.
Although Pharmacists in both Italy and the UK hold ultimate responsibility for the appropriate dispensing of medicines, delivery to the general public is conducted differently. In Italy, drug dispensing takes place on presentation of the patient at the Pharmacy with a detailed medical prescription. The Italian pharma-cist has a wide range of operational tasks: checking the appropriateness of the prescription, personally dispensing medicines in compliance with the procedures established by Legislative Decree 219/20062, receiving payment, and subsequently sending the prescription to the local Health Authority for refund. In the United Kingdom, preparation and control of medical prescriptions generally take place a priori, before the patient comes to the pharmacy. In the UK, the Pharmacist is flanked by a Pharmacy Technician, not a qualified Pharmacist, who deals with the bureaucratic aspects of dispensing. On receipt of the electronic prescription3, the Technician applies the ‘unwrapping principle’ to prepare the exact dosage prescribed by the doctor in advance of patient presentation. The Pharmacist then checks that the prescription is consistent with the therapy and that the technician has prepared it correctly, signs the label on the prepared packages, which, on request, can be delivered to the patient’s home. This well-defined distinction of roles within the U.K. pharmacy service allows the Pharmacist to focus exclusively on the therapeutic aspects of the prescription. Another particular feature Britain’s pharmaceutical service compared to the Italian system is the preparation, on request, of so-called “Trays”, containers in which the medicines prescribed are divided into individual dosages for each day of the week and into four-time slots (morning, lunchtime, afternoon and evening). A further significant difference between the two prescription management systems is the price of medicines. Set up in 1946 with the National Service Act4, the British National Health Service is based, like the Italian system, on the Universalistic Beveridge Model. However, while in Italy the prescription charge, or co-payment, varies according to the medicine, in the UK, all medicines and medical appliances under The Human Medicines Regulation Act 20125 have a fixed charge of 9.35 pounds, for every medicine or appliance on the prescription. Prescription charges are paid, however, only by those patients not falling within any of the various exemption classes. Galenic formulations have not been prepared in British pharmacies since 2010, when the General Pharmaceutical Council6 was established as the main pharmaceutical regulatory body, almost completely replacing the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain7. The management of Controlled Drugs (CDs) is very similar in both countries: regulated in Italy, by the Tables and Sections of D.P.R. 309/19908, and in the UK, by Schedules in the 2013 Controlled Drugs Regulation9. Both systems require locked cabinet custody of certain drug categories, purchase in compliance with predefined procedure and documentation, and a Register of inbound and outbound drug transfer. Likewise, pharmacies in both countries supply self-diagnosis tests and vaccinations. However, UK pharmacies do not have a hospital/specialist medical visit booking system, an innovative service now offered by Italian pharmacies and part of the so-called "Pharmacy of Services" model.
1. https://brownspharmacy.com/; 2. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2006/06/21/006G0237/sg; 3. https://digital.nhs.uk/services/electronic-prescription-service; 4. https://www.nhs.uk/; 5. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/contents; Gordon E Appelbe and Joy Wingfield – “Dale and Appelbe’s Pharmacy and Medicines Law” Tenth Edition 2014; 6. https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/; 7. https://www.rpharms.com/; 8. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1990/10/31/090G0363/sg; 9. BML group and Royal Pharmaceutical Society – “BNF (British National Formulary)” Edition 81 March-September 2021; Royal Pharmaceutical Society – “Medicines, Ethics and Practice” Edition 43 July 2019; https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/373/contents/made
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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