1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Engineering of Safe Autonomous Vehicles through Seamless Integration of System Development and System Operation
No full textOne of the significant open challenges is the lack of verification and validation approaches for assuring the safety of autonomous vehicles. The vast number of realworld traffic situations have to be considered in the verification and validation. Today's conventional engineering methods are not adequate for providing such guarantees for autonomous vehicles in a cost-efficient way. One strategy for reducing the costs of quality assurance is transferring a significant part of the verification and validation from road tests to (system-level) simulations. Extensive coverage of real-world situations in simulations requires the integration of development and operation. This thesis presents an engineering approach that integrates the development and operation of autonomous vehicles seamlessly using runtime monitoring. The runtime monitoring verifies if autonomous vehicles satisfy their requirements and operate within safe limits which have been verified in the simulations. Systematic and comprehensive simulations support the improvement of autonomous vehicles and coverage of traffic situations. Results of the runtime monitoring during operation are transferred to the development for the verification of autonomous vehicles and their safe limits in simulations with additional traffic situations. The incomplete verification of autonomous vehicles for the vast number of real-world traffic situations in simulations requires the validation of simulation results and additional monitoring in the real world. Results from simulations are transferred to the runtime monitoring during operation in the real world. Vehicle data and real-world situations possess high complexities and, therefore, impact the complexity and efficiency of the verification in simulations. The runtime monitoring abstracts from internal data of autonomous vehicles and real-world situations in the evaluation
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Engineering of safe autonomous vehicles through seamless integration of system development and system operation
Full text linkAutonomous vehicles will share the road with human drivers within the next couple of
years. This will revolutionize road trac and provide a positive benet for road safety,
trac density, emissions, and demographic changes.
One of the signicant open challenges is the lack of established and cost-ecient veri-
cation and validation approaches for assuring the safety of autonomous vehicles. The
general public and product liability regulations impose high standards on manufacturers
regarding the safe operation of their autonomous vehicles. The vast number of real-
world trac situations have to be considered in the verication and validation. Todays
conventional engineering methods are not adequate for providing such guarantees for au-
tonomous vehicles in a cost-ecient way. One strategy for reducing the costs of quality
assurance is transferring a signicant part of the verication and validation from road
tests to (system-level) simulations. The vast number and high complexity of real-world
situations complicate the exhaustive verication of autonomous vehicles in simulations.
It is not clear, how simulations address the vast number of real-world situations with
sucient realism and how their results transfer to the real road.
Extensive coverage of real-world situations in simulations requires the integration of de-
velopment and operation. This thesis presents an engineering approach that integrates
the development and operation of autonomous vehicles seamlessly using runtime moni-
toring. The runtime monitoring veries if autonomous vehicles satisfy their requirements
and operate within safe limits which have been veried in the simulations.
Safety of autonomous vehicles is subject to the scope of veried trac situations in
simulations. Systematic and comprehensive simulations support the improvement of
autonomous vehicles and coverage of trac situations. Results of the runtime monitoring
during operation are transferred to the development for the verication of autonomous
vehicles and their safe limits in simulations with additional trac situations.
The incomplete verication of autonomous vehicles for the vast number of real-world
trac situations in simulations requires the validation of simulation results and addi-
tional monitoring in the real world. Results from simulations are transferred to the
runtime monitoring during operation in the real world for validating the realism of the
simulations and maintaining the vehicle safety in critical situations.
Vehicle data and real-world situations possess high complexities and, therefore, impact
the complexity and eciency of the verication in simulations. The runtime monitoring
abstracts from internal data of autonomous vehicles and real-world situations in the
evaluation by introducing an abstract semantic representation from natural language
requirements.
A case study evaluates the engineering approach for an industrial lane change assistant
and real-world trac data recorded in road tests on German highways.Autonome Fahrzeuge werden in den nächsten Jahren am Straßenverkehr teilnehmen und die Straße
mit menschlichen Fahrern teilen. Dies wird den Straßenverkehr grundlegend revolutionieren. Die
Einführung des autonomen Fahrens wird einen positiven Einfluss auf die Verkehrssicherheit, Verkehrsdichte,
Emissionswerte und demographische Veränderungen haben.
Neben rechtlichen Unklarheiten fehlen etablierte und kosteneffiziente Ansätze zur Verifikation und Validierung,
um den notwendigen Grad an Sicherheit für die Einführung autonomer Fahrzeuge in den
Straßenverkehr nachzuweisen. Produkthaftungsregularien und gesellschaftliche Erwartungen zwingen
Fahrzeughersteller einen hohen Grad an Sicherheit für ihre autonomen Fahrzeuge sicherzustellen. Eine
wesentliche Herausforderung für die Verifikation und Validierung autonomer Fahrzeuge stellt die überabzählbare
Menge an realen Verkehrssituationen dar. Heutige konventionelle Entwicklungs- und Absicherungsmethoden
in der Automobilbranche können die benötigten Garantien nicht verlässlich für
autonome Fahrzeuge unter akzeptablen Kosten liefern. Eine Strategie in der Automobilbranche zur
Kostenreduktion in der Absicherung von autonomen Fahrzeugen ist die Verlagerung eines umfangreichen
Teils der Absicherung von Fahrten im realen Straßenverkehr in Simulationen. Die umfassende
Verifikation autonomer Fahrzeuge in Simulationen wird durch die überabzählbare Anzahl und hohe
Komplexität von realen Verkehrssituationen erschwert. Es ist derzeit nicht klar, wie Simulationen die
überabzählbare Menge an realen Verkehrssituationen mit ausreichenden Realismus adressieren können
und wie sich die Ergebnisse der Simulation auf den realen Verkehr übertragen lassen.
Eine umfassende Abdeckung realer Verkehrssituationen in Simulationen erfordert die nahtlose Integration
der Systementwicklung und des Betriebs autonomer Fahrzeuge. Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine
Entwicklungsmethodik, die die Entwicklung und den Betrieb autonomer Fahrzeuge durch Runtime
Monitoring integriert. Das Runtime Monitoring Framework überprüft, ob das autonome Fahrzeug die
an es gestellten Anforderungen in realen Situationen erfüllt und in seinen Systemgrenzen operiert, die
zuvor in Simulationen abgesichert wurde.
Die Sicherheit autonomer Fahrzeuge hängt von dem Umfang der verifizierten Verkehrssituationen in
den Simulationen ab. Systematische und umfassende Simulationen bilden die notwendige Grundlage
für eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung autonomer Fahrzeuge und der Abdeckung von Verkehrssituationen.
Ergebnisse des Runtime Monitorings aus dem Betrieb im realen Straßenverkehr werden in die
Systementwicklung überführt, um die Verifikation der Funktionalität und der sicheren Systemgrenzen
autonomer Fahrzeuge in neuen Verkehrssituationen zu ergänzen.
Die unvollständige Verifikation autonomer Fahrzeuge für die überabzählbare Menge an realen Verkehrssituationen
hat zur Folge, dass der Betrieb autonomer Fahrzeuge und die Ergebnisse der Situation zusätzlich
im realen Straßenverkehr durch die Laufzeitüberwachung verifiziert und validiert werden müssen.
Die Verwendung der Ergebnisse aus den Simulationen zur Laufzeitüberwachung während des Betriebs
im realen Straßenverkehr erlaubt den Realismus der Simulation zu validieren und die Sicherheit der
autonomen Fahrzeuge in kritischen Situationen sicherzustellen.
Fahrzeugdaten und reale Verkehrssituationen haben aufgrund ihres hohen Grades an Komplexität einen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Komplexität und Effizienz der Verifikation autonomer Fahrzeuge in Simulationen.
Das Runtime Monitoring Framework definiert eine abstrakte semantische Repräsentation,
die von den internen Daten der autonomen Fahrzeuge und den realen Verkehrssituationen abstrahiert.
Diese abstrakte semantische Repräsentation wird basierend auf den natürlich-sprachlichen Anforderungen
der autonomen Fahrzeuge definiert.
Die Evaluation der Entwicklungsmethodik erfolgt in einer Fallstudie anhand eines industriellen Fahrstreifenwechselassistenten
und Aufnahmen von Testfahrten im realen Straßenverkehr
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