1,721,151 research outputs found
Ergonomic Evaluation Methods On Computer Aided Surgery - Preliminary Design
No full textNome completo
8th Annual Meeting of CAOS-International, International Society for Computer Orthopedic Assisted Surger
Cartilage repair: Scaffolding
No full textRegenerative scaffold-based procedures have emerged in the last years as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions. The rationale of using a scaffold is to have a temporary 3D structure of biodegradable polymers for the growth of living cells. The ideal scaffold should reproduce biological and structural properties of the native tissue as close as possible, in order to allow cell infiltration, attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Other important properties include biocompatibility and biodegradability at suitable time intervals, to support the initial tissue formation and then to be gradually replaced by the regenerating tissue. The use of scaffolds has been introduced into clinical practice to improve the results obtainable with the first-generation cell-based approach, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), by overcoming its drawbacks and simplifying the procedure. ACI techniques were combined with scaffolds, developing matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Cells were harvested and cultured in vitro and then seeded on the three-dimensional biomaterial, which favored the redifferentiation processes, better protection, more homogeneous distribution, and easier handling for surgical implantation. Many scaffolds have reached clinical practice, and studies are now being published with good mid- and long-term results, but showing also some limits. Whereas traumatic focal lesions of the femoral condyles were shown to have more chance of benefit from this treatment, other indications have more controversial results, with lower or even poor clinical outcome. Moreover, this approach suffers from a two-step operation, technical difficulties and regulatory restrictions for cell manipulation, and high costs. Thus, after a decade focused on expanding and improving MACT techniques, in more recent years, both researchers and clinicians have been looking for different solutions to regenerate the articular surface
Scaffolds for cartilage repair of the ankle joint: The impact on surgical practice
No full textBackground: Ideal management of osteochondral lesions in the ankle joint is still theme of debate. Scaffold-based repair is emerging as a new approach for regenerative treatment. Methods: Articles published in PubMed from 2000 to January 2012 addressing cartilage scaffold-based treatment were identified, including levels I-IV evidence clinical trials with measures of functional, clinical or imaging outcome. Results: The analysis showed a progressively increasing number of articles from 2000. The number of selected papers was 19:15 focusing on two-step and 4 on one-step procedures; no randomized studies, 3 comparative studies, 11 case series and 5 case reports were identified. Conclusions: Regenerative surgical approach with scaffold-based procedures is emerging as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chondral lesions of the ankle. One step treatments simplify the procedure and the results reported are very close to the previous techniques. However, well-designed studies are lacking, and randomized long-term trials are necessary to confirm the potential of these techniques. Level of evidence: Review - IV
New Bio-ceramization processes applied to vegetable hierarchical structures – TEM-PLANT
No full textThe aim of TEM-PLANT is to develop and apply innovative processes to transform hierarchic structures existing in nature into devices with smart anisotropic performances; in particular scaffolds for bone and ligaments substitution with superior biomechanical features
Bioreactor-based, clinically oriented manufacturing of engineered tissue (BIO-COMET)
No full textDespite the compelling clinical need to regenerate damaged tissues/organs, the impressive advances in the field of
tissue engineering have yet to result in viable engineered tissue products with wide-spread therapeutic adoption.
Manufacturing-related issues, including regulatory compliance, standardization, up-scaling, and cost-effectiveness,
have been proposed as central challenges to be addressed for the commercial success of a cell-based engineered
product. In fact, the central bioprocesses for engineering cell-based grafts have traditionally been, and continue to
be, based on conventional manual benchtop techniques, which due to the large number of manual and laborintensive
manipulations required, possess inherent risks of contamination, potential high intra- and inter-operator
variability, limited scale-up opportunity, and high manufacturing costs in the long-term
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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