13 research outputs found
ვაჟა-ფშაველას დიალექტური მეტყველების ებრაული ეკვივალენტები „ალუდა ქეთელაურის“ ებრაულ თარგმანში. HEBREW EQUIVALENTS OF VAZHA-PSHAVELA’S DIALECTAL SPEECH IN THE HEBREW TRANSLATION OF “ALUDA KETELAURI”
No full textIt is known that Vazha-Pshavela’s artistic language is given a
special color by the dialect speech of the poet. The Pshav-Khevsuri
dialect is the cornerstone of Vazha’s work to create the corresponding
ideological-emotional world. It’s perfect repetition in a foreign
language environment is probably theoretically not allowed. But
there is a great temptation to share this first-created magnificence
of the Creator’s nature with the readers of other languages and make
them feel it. This strong desire encouraged us and decided to translate
Vazha’s best poem “Aluda Ketelauri” into Hebrew.
Modern Hebrew is a completely new linguistic phenomenon that
dates back only a few decades. The formation of dialectal features
in this language begins in our time, signs of Angular speech peculiarities
are now appearing in the center of modern Israel, in the
north and south, therefore, we have set the Hebrew of the Bible as
the only way to convey the specific speech of the Georgian author
in the translation. The New Hebrew poetry itself, it can be said, was
in the background for many years, especially in the early stages of
its formation. Even in the modern period, Jewish authors are often
nourished by biblical vocabulary and phraseology; they often resort
to different ways of expression, say, artistic repetition, alliteration or
paronomasia, which are so abundant in the texts of the Bible.
We also tried to load the translation with biblical vocabulary. We
considered that the archaized language, to a certain extent, would serve as a functional equivalent of the author’s Pshav-khevsuri dialect.
In some cases, we even borrowed directly from the architectonics
of a famous passage of a specific biblical creation (“Ecclesiastes”).
According to many researchers, Vazha’s work is saturated with
biblical motifs. The heavy breath of “Ruach Elohim” is also strongly
felt. We think this fact also justifies our choice
Evaluation of person-centered interventions to eliminate perinatal HIV transmission in Kisumu County, Kenya: A repeated cross-sectional study using aggregated registry data
No full textBACKGROUND: Following a decline in perinatal HIV transmission from 20% to 10% between 2010 and 2017 in Kenya, rates have since plateaued with an estimated 8% transmission rate in 2021. Between October 2016 and September 2021, Family AIDS Care & Education Services (FACES) supported HIV care and treatment services across 61 facilities in Kisumu County, Kenya with an emphasis on service strengthening for pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. This included rigorous implementation of national HIV guidelines and implementation of 3 locally adapted evidence-based interventions targeted to the unique needs of women and their infants. We examined whether these person-centered program enhancements were associated with changes in perinatal HIV transmission at FACES-supported sites over time.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study of annually aggregated routinely collected documentation of perinatal HIV transmission risk through the end of breastfeeding at FACES-supported facilities between October 2016 and September 2021. Data included 12,599 women living with HIV with baseline antenatal care metrics, and, a separate data set of 11,879 mother-infant pairs who were followed from birth through the end of breastfeeding (overlapping with those in antenatal care 2 years prior). FACES implemented 3 interventions for pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in 2019: (1) high-risk clinics; (2) case management; and (3) a mobile app to support treatment engagement. Our primary outcome was infant HIV acquisition by the end of breastfeeding (18 to 24 months). We compared infant HIV acquisition risk in the final year of the FACES program (2021) to the year before intervention scale-up and following implementation of the "Treat All" policy (2018). Mother-infant pair loss to follow-up was a secondary outcome. Program data were aggregated by year and site, thus in multivariable regression, we adjusted for site-level characteristics, including facility type, urban versus rural, number of women with HIV in antenatal care each year, and the proportion among them under 25 years of age. Between October 2016 and September 2021, 81,172 pregnant women received HIV testing at the initiation of antenatal care, among whom 12,599 (15.5%) were living with HIV, with little variation in HIV prevalence over time. The risk of infant HIV acquisition by 24 months of age declined from 4.9% (101/2,072) in 2018 to 2.2% (48/2,156) in 2021 (adjusted risk difference -2.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.7, -1.6]; p < 0.001). Loss to follow-up declined from 9.9% (253/2,556) in 2018 to 2.5% (59/2,393) in 2021 (risk difference -7.5% [95% CI: -8.8, -6.2]; p < 0.001). During the same period, UNAIDS estimated rates of perinatal transmission in the broader Nyanza region and in Kenya as a whole did not decline. The main limitation of this study is that we lacked a comparable control group.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that implementation of person-centered interventions was associated with significant declines in perinatal HIV transmission and loss to follow-up of pregnant and postpartum women
Social support and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Western Kenya
No full textAs coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in 2020, countries around the world implemented various prevention strategies, such as banning of public and social gatherings, restriction in movement, etc. These efforts may have had a deleterious effect on already vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH were concerned about contracting COVID-19, the impact of COVID-19 on their social networks that provide social support, and the continued availability of antiretroviral medications during the pandemic. In addition, their mental health may have been exacerbated by the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore pandemic-related concerns among a cohort of PLWH in Kenya and investigate social support factors associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study is part of a larger cohort study that recruited from two clinics in Western Kenya. Data are drawn from 130 PLWH who participated in two phone surveys about experiences during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Participants reported a variety of concerns over the course of the pandemic and we documented statistically significant increases in symptoms of depression and anxiety over time, which affected some participants’ ability to adhere to their antiretroviral medication. However, a small but statistically significant group of participants reached out to expand their networks and mobilize support in the context of experiencing mental health and adherence challenges, speaking to the importance of social support as a coping strategy during times of stress. Our findings call for holistic approaches to HIV care that consider the broader political, economic, and social contexts that shape its effectiveness
Effects of Alcohol Use on Patient Retention in HIV Care in East Africa
No full textWe sought to investigate the association between hazardous alcohol use and gaps in care for people living with HIV over a long-term follow-up period. Adults who had participated in our previously published Phase I study of hazardous alcohol use at HIV programs in Kenya and Uganda were eligible at their 42 to 48 month follow-up visit. Those who re-enrolled were followed for an additional ~ 12 months. Hazardous alcohol use behavior was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) tool. Deidentified clinical data were used to assess gaps in care (defined as failure to return to clinic within 60 days after a missed visit). The proportion of patients experiencing a gap in care at a specific time point was based on a nonparametric moment-based estimator. A semiparametric Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the association between hazardous alcohol use at enrollment in Phase I (AUDIT score ≥ 8) and gaps in care. Of the 731 study-eligible participants from Phase I, 5.5% had died, 10.1% were lost to follow-up, 39.5% transferred, 7.5% declined/not approached, and 37.3% were enrolled. Phase II participants were older, had less hazardous drinking and had a lower WHO clinical stage than those not re-enrolled. Hazardous drinking in the re-enrolled was associated with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 1.88 [p-value = 0.016] for a gap in care. Thus, hazardous alcohol use at baseline was associated with an increased risk of experiencing a gap in care and presents an early target for intervention
Patient perceptions of facilitators and barriers to reducing hazardous alcohol use among people living with HIV in East Africa
No full textAbstract Background Hazardous alcohol use among people living with HIV is associated with poor outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the hazardous drinking experiences of people living with HIV is needed to reduce their alcohol use. Methods We conducted 60 interviews among people living with HIV in East Africa with hazardous drinking histories. Interviews and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were conducted 41 – 60 months after their baseline assessment of alcohol use to identify facilitators and barriers to reduced alcohol use over time. Results People living with HIV who stopped or reduced hazardous drinking were primarily motivated by their HIV condition and desire for longevity. Facilitators of reduced drinking included health care workers’ recommendations to reduce drinking (despite little counseling and no referrals) and social support. In those continuing to drink at hazardous levels, barriers to reduced drinking were stress, social environment, alcohol accessibility and alcohol dependency. Conclusions Interventions that capacity-build professional and lay health care workers with the skills and resources to decrease problematic alcohol use, along with alcohol cessation in peer support structures, should be explored
COVID-19 survey: Social support and other factors associated with ARV<sup>b'*'</sup> Problems.
No full textCOVID-19 survey: Social support and other factors associated with ARVb'*' Problems.</p
2020 and 2021 COVID-19 Surveys of mental health symptoms, (n = 130).
No full text2020 and 2021 COVID-19 Surveys of mental health symptoms, (n = 130).</p
COVID-19 survey: Social support and other factors associated with anxiety (GAD-2<sup>b'*'</sup>).
No full textCOVID-19 survey: Social support and other factors associated with anxiety (GAD-2b'*').</p
COVID-19 survey: Social support and demographic factors associated with depressive symptoms (PHQ-2<sup>b'*'</sup>).
No full textCOVID-19 survey: Social support and demographic factors associated with depressive symptoms (PHQ-2b'*').</p
