1,720,997 research outputs found
IL DILEMMA DEL DEGRADO DEL SUOLO INDOTTO DALLA PRESENZA DI STRADE (ROADSIDE)
No full textNegli ultimi decenni, la crescente antropizzazione che si è verificata su scala globale si è tradotta in un generale aumento nella pianificazione e costruzione di reti viarie, al fine di incrementare la produttività dei sistemi agricoli e forestali, favorire la circolazione delle merci e promuovere in generale lo sviluppo delle nostre società. Nonostante tali vantaggi, la presenza di reti stradali può essere particolarmente critica sia in termini idrologici che geomorfologici, alterando le naturali dinamiche dei processi idrologici delle aree in cui le reti viarie vengono costruite e favorendo allo stesso tempo l’attivazione di processi di degrado del suolo come fenomeni erosivi, frane e problemi di instabilità del terreno. A questo proposito, il progresso scientifico degli ultimi tempi si è tradotto nella possibilità di applicare software, strumenti e tecnologie grazie alle quali effettuare analisi topografiche ad alta risoluzione, ricostruzioni dettagliate del terreno e quindi realizzare dettagliate analisi idrologiche e geomorfologiche a scale spaziali differenti. Le tecniche fotogrammetriche (e.g. la tecnica Structure from Motion -SfM), combinate con l’utilizzo di droni (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles-UAV) e tecnologie di telerilevamento (e.g. sistemi Light Detection and Ranging -LiDAR), hanno consentito di ottenere informazioni spaziali ad altissima risoluzione e a basso costo ripetute nel tempo. Alla luce di questi aspetti, questa tesi nasce con l'obiettivo di colmare specifiche lacune scientifiche relativamente il ruolo svolto dalle reti viarie nell’attivazione di processi di degrado del suolo quali per esempio frane superficiali e dinamiche erosive del terreno, specialmente in condizioni di forte pendenza. Questo lavoro si articola pertanto in quattro differenti ricerche, basate sulla raccolta di dati in campo e sulla conseguente applicazione di modelli matematici e Sistemi Informativi Geografici (GIS). Partendo quindi dal contesto agricolo e passando ai sistemi montani e forestali, la tesi propone diversi studi innovativi riguardo il dilemma del degrado del suolo indotto dalla presenza di strade, attraverso la redazione di quattro articoli scientifici proposti in diverse riviste internazionali. A questo proposito, vengono suggerite nuove metodologie potenzialmente applicabili in altri contesti e aree di studio differenti, al fine di supportare gli stakeholders e le comunità locali nell’attuare specifici interventi sul territorio in grado di mitigare e soprattutto prevenire il verificarsi di simili problematiche in futuro.In the last decades, the growing anthropization occurring worldwide translated into the increasing construction of roads and trails, useful for support agricultural and forested systems productivity, encourage goods movement and generally promote the development of our societies. At the same time, the presence of road networks frequently represents a critical issue in hydrological and geomorphological terms, critically interacting with natural hydrological dynamics and similarly promoting land degradation processes such as erosive phenomena, landslides and terrain instabilities. In this regard, the scientific progress led the possibility to apply softwares, tools and technologies able to perform high-resolution topographic analysis, detailed terrain reconstructions and therefore increasing the opportunity to compute hydrological and geomorphological analysis at local and wider scales. In this regard, photogrammetric techniques (e.g. Structure from Motion -SfM), combined with Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) technology further allowed to obtain detailed spatial information for scientific purposes. This thesis arises in light of the above issues, aiming to overcame specific gaps in the scientific knowledge regarding the role of roads in the occurrence of land degradation processes such as shallow landslides and local erosive dynamics. This work is basically structured around four researches, based on data collection in the field, application of mathematical models and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Starting from agricultural context and therefore moving to mountain and forested systems, the thesis proposes advances for science regarding the dilemma of roads-induced land degradation processes through four scientific articles. New methodologies are proposed in this regard, potentially applicable in other contexts and study areas in order to support stakeholders and local communities in promoting specific interventions and decisions able to mitigate and prevent the occurrence of similar issues in the future
Investigation on the behaviour of a thermo-active diaphragm wall by thermo-mechanical analyses
Full text linkThe thermo-active diaphragm walls are traditional retaining structures that embed heat exchangers for the exploitation of the near surface geothermal energy, used in the thermal conditioning of buildings and infrastructures. The coupled energetic and structural function of these so called energy walls requires some investigation in order to optimize the embedded circuit and assess the possible occurrence of significant consequences, in terms of temperature variations within the soils mass and thermal effects on the stress/strain state of the structure. In this contribution, the behaviour of an energy wall is assessed by finite element thermal analyses, that allow to investigate the energy performance and the short and long term influence on the soil temperatures, and by finite element thermo-mechanical analyses, to highlight the wall geotechnical and structural response. A one year cycle of heating/cooling operating mode of the geothermal system has been considered and the effects have been discussed in terms of soil-structure interaction and structural internal actions. The results show that the thermally induced mechanical effects are not negligible, especially as variations of the internal axial forces and bending moments. Although they seem to be not detrimental to the geotechnical and structural safety, they require a careful evaluation in order to predict possible situations of unexpected overstress conditions
Modelling of overland flows in a terraced vineyard affected by road-induced shallow landslides
Full text linkIntegrating LiDAR Data and Semi-empirical Fire Model in Mapping the Interaction Between Wildfire and Bark Beetle Outbreak
Full text linkForest fires simulation in the Alpine region. New data and innovative approaches needed
Full text linkHow the urban environment affects the microclimate and the building energy demand for the City of Rome
Full text linkUrban heat island has significant impacts on buildings' energy consumption. The phenomenon is associated with increased urban air temperatures compared to the air temperature of the surrounding rural or suburban areas. The ambient air temperature growth due to climate changes and the urban heat island phenomenon are dramatically increasing the cooling demand in buildings. This is worsened by irradiation conditions, construction technologies, and subjective comfort expectations. This paper examines the impact of the urban environment on the energy demand of buildings, considering the case of two districts of the city of Rome, Italy: one is representative of a central zone, the other of a rural zone. Weather data were then used to calculate the thermal demand of a typical Italian building, ideally located in the monitored areas of the city. Standalone building with modified weather file was modeled in TRNSYS. Results show that urban heat island intensity causes an increase in cooling demand up to +33% for the urban area (+20% for the rural area) compared to the demand calculated using weather data from airportual areas. On the other hand, urban heat island intensity has a positive effect on heating demand which turns out to decrease up to -32% for the urban area (-14% for the rural area)
Analysis of energy buildings sustainability through different building automation system
No full textThe goal of this paper was to evaluate the energy savings achieved through the use of different building thermal automation systems through the use of software TRNSYS. As reference was considered a building site in Milan in a street canyon with the structural building elements required by current laws. The idea comes from the study of the European Standard CEN EN15232 "Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Automation, Controls and Building Management" which highlights how the inclusion in buildings (residential and tertiary) of Control Systems Automation and leads to a reduction of energy consumption. They then evaluate these reductions in function of the type of automation implemented. This evaluations are made only for heating system and for a residential building
A New Tri-Generation System:Thermodynamical Analysis of a Micro Compressed Air Energy Storage(Micro-CAES)
No full text
- …
