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UNSUR GHARAR DALAM PRAKTIK JUAL BELI PRE-ORDER PADA E-COMMERCE DITINJAU MENURUT KOMPILASI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Full text linkMaulida Fitria Azizah, 126101212165, Unsur Gharar dalam Praktik Jual Beli
Pre-Order Pada E-Commerce Ditinjau Menurut Kompilasi Hukum
Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus Usaha Anyaman di Desa Kerjo
Kecamatan Karangan Kabupaten Trenggalek), Progam Studi Hukum
Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum, UIN Sayyid Ali
Rahmatullah Tulungagung, 2025, Pembimbing: Dr. Kutbuddin Aibak,
S.Ag., M.H.I.
Kata Kunci: Jual Beli, Unsur Gharar, Pre-Order, E-Commerce, Kompilasi
Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari adanya praktik jual beli pre-order di
e-commerce pada usaha tas anyaman di Desa Kerjo, Kecamatan Karangan,
Kabupaten Trenggalek yang diketahui terdapat kendala-kendala yang
mengandung unsur-unsur gharar (ketidakpastian).
Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana praktik jual beli preorder di e-commerce yang terjadi di Desa Kerjo, Kecamatan Karangan,
Kabupaten Trenggalek?, (2) Bagaimana unsur-unsur gharar dalam pelaksanaan
praktik jual beli pre-order di e-commerce pada usaha anyaman di Desa Kerjo,
Kecamatan Karangan, Kabupaten Trenggalek?, (3) Bagaimana perspektif
Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) terhadap praktik jual beli preorder di e-commerce yang terjadi di Desa Kerjo, Kecamatan Karangan,
Kabupaten Trenggalek?.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang termasuk dalam
penelitian lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian
ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan pihak pihak yang
terkait seperti pemilik toko online Istana Anyaman, produsen tas anyaman, tim
produksi tas anyaman dan pengguna sistem pre-order. Adapun analisis data
yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kondensasi data, penyajian data dan
penarikan kesimpulan. Agar data yang didapat semakin akurat maka penelitian
ini menggunakan pengecekan keabsahan data berupa perpanjangan pengamatan
dengan cara kembali ke lapangan dan meggunakan trianggulasi sumber.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Praktik jual beli pre-order
di e-commerce yang dilakukan oleh toko online “Istana Anyaman” di Desa
Kerjo, Kecamatan Karangan, Kabupaten Trenggalek menjual berbagai macam
tas anyaman dengan menerapkan sistem pre-order untuk transaksi jual beli.
Tahapan atau proses transaksi pre-order diawali dengan pemesanan (check-out)
produk yang sudah diposting oleh penjual lengkap dengan deskripsi spesifikasi
produk, setelah itu pembeli dapat memilih opsi pembayaran yang bisa dilakukan
dengan transfer atau cash on delivery. Setelah pembayaran berhasil maka produk
segera diproduksi dan dikirim sesuai dengan estimasi yang sudah dijelaskan
pada deskripsi produk. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih terdapat kendala kendala seperti keterbatasan stok, keterlambatan pengiriman, dan barang
terkadang tidak sesuai 100% dengan foto yang ada pada deskripsi produk di ecommerce sehingga menimbulkan unsur ketidakpastian. (2) Unsur-unsur gharar
pada praktik jual beli pre-order pada usaha anyaman di Desa Kerjo, Kecamatan
Karangan, Kabupaten Trenggalek adalah sebagai berikut: keterbatasan stok yang
sama persis dengan produk yang ditampilkan, banyaknya permintaan konsumen
hingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan pengiriman bahan produksi.
Keterlambatan pengiriman bahan produksi tersebut mengakibatkan produk yang
diproduksi tidak bisa sama persis atau 80% dari gambar yang ditampilkan pada
platform e-commerce shopee maupun tiktokshop bisa dari segi warna atau
accessories tas anyaman. (3) Analisis Praktik jual beli pre-order pada usaha
anyaman di Desa Kerjo, Kecamatan Karangan, Kabupaten Trenggalek menurut
Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah apabila dilihat dari rukun dan syarat sah
akad Salam seperti pada pasal 100, 101, 102, dan 103, pada dasarnya telah
memenuhi syarat sah akad Salam. Tetapi pada pelaksanaannya masih sering
terdapat kendala atau permasalahan, baik itu dari tim produksi atau dari
keterlambatan pengiriman oleh ekspedisi. Hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya
unsur gharar sehingga salah satu syarat sah akad Salam tidak terpenuhi yaitu
barangnya dapat diberikan sesuai waktu yang dijanjikan dan sama persis dengan
foto produk atau deskripsi yang ditampilkan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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