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Liikuttaako luonto? : Asuinalueen kaupunkiluonnon ja kaupunkiluonnossa liikkumisen merkitys hyvinvoinnille
No full textLähiluonnon tilallinen ja ajallinen saavutettavuus: Kaupunkilaisten kokemuksia luonnon saavutettavuudesta
No full textThis article discusses the importance of access to urban green spaces in daily life. Urban green spaces are natural environments, where city dwellers can connect with nature, recreate and be physically active. Accessibility might be restricted by spatial factors (e.g. location, distance) and nonspatial factors (e.g. life situation, free time). In this study, city dwellers were found to visit urban forests located in their neighbourhood most often. 14 out of 19 interviewees found urban forests nearest to their home to be most significant. Personal situations and scarce free time seemed to restrict access to urban green spaces more often than spatial factors. Seasons, working days and days off may cause cyclic fluctuations for accessibility. Walking or cycling to work might be an option in improving access by having cycle routes in proximity to green spaces. Green neighbourhood thus increases accessibility to nature, improving the quality of life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Salix pyrolifolia
No full text<i>2.1. Phytochemicals in winter-dormant S. pyrolifolia</i> <p> In this study, the main phenolic compounds of clonal <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> tree were analysed from the different plant parts of winter-dormant twigs. The phenolic profile of the twigs was mainly composed of the salicylate glucosides and other <i>Salix</i> -specific, simple phenolic glucosides but also, several types of flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids were detected (Table 1, Fig. 1). These low molecular-weight (LMW) compounds comprised about 20% of the dry weight in twigs (Fig. 2). In addition, all the plant parts contained high molecular-weight condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), which comprised about 10% of the dry wt in twigs (Fig. 2). This high content of phytochemicals may be suggested to be partly attributable to the high resistance that <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> shows to microbes and herbivores (e.g. Boeckler et al., 2011; Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, pers. observation).</p> <p> Salicylates (salicinoids), the derivatives of salicyl alcohol with β- Dglucopyranose moieties, as well as some other simple glucosides derived from cinnamic acid, are typical compounds for <i>Salix</i> species. In here, the winter-dormant twigs of <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> were composed of four different types of salicylate glucosides: salicin, HCH-derivative (hydroxycyclohexenone) of salicin, salicortin and disalicortin (Table 1). Salicin (glucoside of salicyl alcohol) is the most widespread and simplest glucoside in <i>Salix</i> species, which is detected in fairly low amounts in leaf tissues but may occur in quantities in bark (Heiska et al., 2007; Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a, 1986; Pob <b>ł</b> ocka-Olech et al., 2007), in buds (Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a; Sivadasan et al., 2015) and also, is found in seeds (Randriamanana et al., 2015b). Additionally, most <i>Salix</i> species contain high amounts of salicortin, the HCH-ester of salicin, while only a few species are rich in its derivatives, acetylsalicortin or tremulacin (e.g. Boeckler et al., 2011; Meier et al., 1988; Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a). In winter-dormant <i>S. pyrolifolia</i>, salicortin is the most abundant individual compound, and especially in bark, its concentration is extremely high, comprising over 10% of the dry wt (Table 2). Another HCH-derivative of salicin with the UV-spectrum similar to salicortin but much longer retention time, and which molecular structure is suggested to consist of salicin with the HCH moiety attached to glucose (Fig. 1) due to the accurate molecular mass of salicin + HCH based on the QTOF-analysis, is preliminary characterised here for the first time from the twigs of <i>Salix</i> species (Table 1).</p> <p> The non-salicylate-based, simple phenolic glucosides in <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> were salireposide, triandrin (the glucoside of coumaroyl alcohol), picein (<i>p</i> -hydroxyacetophenone glucoside) and its derivative. These compounds are generally regarded as the twig-specific components of <i>Salix</i> species (e.g. Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a; Meier et al., 1988). The concentrations of both picein and triandrin fluctuated among the sampled twigs and in some samples, triandrin was found only in trace quantities (Tables 2 and 3). The high within-species and intra-plant variation in the concentrations of these simple phenolic glucosides is a commonly reported phenomenon in <i>Salix</i> species (e.g. Heiska et al., 2007; Ikonen, 2002; Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989b; Nybakken and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2013; Nyman and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2005; Sulima et al., 2017). For the most part, the composition of both salicylate glucosides and simple phenolic glucosides in this study was in accordance with previous analyses from <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> (Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a,b). Here, however, we did not find acetylsalicin (fragilin) or acetylsalicortin in the samples, but on the other hand, we identified the HCH-derivative of salicin, disalicortin, triandrin and salireposide as new components in <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> twigs. Salireposide has so far been detected in only a few <i>Salix</i> species: <i>S. myrsinifolia, S. petiolaris, S. purpurea</i> and <i>S. rosmarinifolia</i> (e.g. Boeckler et al., 2011; Julkunen-Tiitto, 1989a; Meier et al., 1988; Nybakken and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2013).</p> <p> The flavonoid composition among <i>Salix</i> species is found to be varied and anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and chalcones are the different groups of flavonoids determined in the genus <i>Salix</i> (e.g. Bridle et al., 1970; Jarrett and Williams, 1967; Julkunen-Tiitto and Sorsa, 2001; Krauze-Baranowska et al., 2013; Nyman and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2000, 2005). In winter-dormant <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> twigs, the flavonoids were mainly composed of different derivatives of naringenin (flavanones) and isosalipurposide (phloridzin, chalcone 2′- <i>O</i> -glucoside), but also, the derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol (flavonols), the derivatives of luteolin (flavone), a dihydroflavonol ampelopsin, and a flavan-3-ol catechin were identified (Table 1). Two new isosalipurposide methoxyderivatives (monomethyl- and dimethylisosalipurposide) were also identified in <i>S. pyrolifolia</i>.</p> <p> Generally, the concentration of flavonoids in <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> was relatively high (Fig. 2, Table 2), and similar levels, over 1% of the dry wt in bark, have previously been reported only in <i>S. acutifolia, S. daphnoides, S. purpurea</i> and <i>S. hastata</i> (Krauze-Baranowska et al., 2013; Meier et al., 1992). In these species, the main flavonoid glucosides in twigs were also the same as in <i>S. pyrolifilia</i>: naringenin 7- <i>O</i> -glucoside (prunin), naringenin 5- <i>O</i> -glucoside (salipurposide), a derivative of naringenin 5- <i>O</i> -glucoside and isosalipurposide (Jarrett and Williams, 1967; Kammerer et al., 2005; Krauze-Baranowska et al., 2013; Meier, 1988; Pob <b>ł</b> ocka-Olech et al., 2007; Sulima et al., 2017). Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) has previously been reported to be the major leaf component in <i>S. phylicifolia</i>, and it is also found from the leaves of <i>S. lapponum</i> (Nyman and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2000; Tegelberg et al., 2003), in the bark of <i>S. daphnoides</i>, <i>S. purpurea</i> and <i>S. pentandra</i> (Förster et al., 2008), and in the wood of <i>S. caprea</i> (Pohjamo et al., 2003).</p> <p> The phenolic acid composition in winter-dormant <i>S. pyrolifolia</i> twigs consisted mainly the derivatives of <i>p</i> -hydroxycinnamic acids (<i>p</i> -coumaric acids) and chlorogenic acids (caffeoylquinic acids, CQA), and several of them were not able to get identified in our analytical conditions (Table 1). Similarly, the bark of <i>S. myrsinifolia</i> and <i>S. purpurea</i> has reported to contain different kinds of <i>p</i> -hydroxycinnamic and chlorogenic acid derivatives but also, the derivatives of benzoic acids have been found from the bark of <i>S. purpurea</i> (Nybakken and Julkunen-Tiitto, 2013; Pob <b>ł</b> ocka-Olech et al., 2010). The phenolic acid composition in <i>Salix</i> species has turned out to be diverse and very plant part-specific (e.g. Nissinen et al., 2016; Sivadasan et al., 2015; Tegelberg et al., 2003).</p>Published as part of <i>Lavola, Anu, Maukonen, Merja & Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta, 2018, Variability in the composition of phenolic compounds in winter-dormant Salix pyrolifolia in relation to plant part and age, pp. 102-110 in Phytochemistry 153</i> on page 103, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.021, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10483857">http://zenodo.org/record/10483857</a>
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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