1,720,995 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sélection de variables pour la classification non supervisée par mélanges gaussiens. Application à l'étude de données transcriptomes.
No full textWe are interested in variable selection for clustering with Gaussian mixture models. This research is motivated by the clustering of genes described by transcriptome datasets in particular. In the two parts, this problem is regarded as a model selection problem in a model-based cluster analysis framework.In the first part, the proposed model, generalizing the one of Raftery and Dean (2006), specifies the variable role for the clustering process. The irrelevant clustering variables can be dependent to a relevant variable subset. Models are compared with a BIC-like criterion. The model identifiability is established and the consistency of the criterion is proved under regularity conditions. In practice, the variable role is obtained through an algorithm embedding two backward stepwise algorithms for variable selection for the clustering and the linear regression. The interest of this procedure is highlighted by a transcriptome dataset application especially. An improvement of the variable role modelling, consisting of partitioning the irrelevant variables according to their dependence or independence with some relevant clustering variables, is suggested to avoid an overpenalization of some models. Finally, the DNA microarray technology generating many missing values, an extension of our variable selection procedure taken into account the existence of missing entries is proposed. It avoids the missing entry imputation usually used in preprocessing.In the second part, specific Gaussian mixtures are considered and a non asymptotic penalized criterion is proposed to select the number of mixture components and the relevant clustering variable subset. A general model selection theorem for maximum likelihood estimation, proposed by Massart (2007), is used to obtain the penalty function form. This theorem requires to control the bracketing entropy of studied Gaussian mixture families. This criterion depending on unknown constants, the "slope heuristics" method is carried out to allow the practical use of this criterion.Nous nous intéressons à la sélection de variables en classification non supervisée par mélanges gaussiens. Ces travaux sont en particulier motivés par la classification de gènes à partir de données transcriptomes. Dans les deux parties de cette thèse, le problème est ramené à celui de la sélection de modèles.Dans la première partie, le modèle proposé, généralisant celui de Raftery et Dean (2006) permet de spécifier le rôle des variables vis-à-vis du processus de classification. Ainsi les variables non significatives peuvent être dépendantes d'une partie des variables retenues pour la classification. Ces modèles sont comparés grâce à un critère de type BIC. Leur identifiabilité est établie et la consistance du critère est démontrée sous des conditions de régularité. En pratique, le statut des variables est obtenu grâce à un algorithme imbriquant deux algorithmes descendants de sélection de variables pour la classification et pour la régression linéaire. L'intérêt de cette procédure est en particulier illustré sur des données transcriptomes. Une amélioration de la modélisation du rôle des variables, consistant à répartir les variables déclarées non significatives entre celles dépendantes et celles indépendantes des variables significatives pour la classification, est ensuite proposée pour pallier une surpénalisation de certains modèles. Enfin, la technologie des puces à ADN engendrant de nombreuses données manquantes, une extension de notre procédure tenant compte de l'existence de ces valeurs manquantes est suggérée, évitant leurestimation préalable.Dans la seconde partie, des mélanges gaussiens de formes spécifiques sont considérés et un critère pénalisé non asymptotique est proposé pour sélectionner simultanément le nombre de composantes du mélange et l'ensemble des variables pertinentes pour la classification. Un théorème général de sélection de modèles pour l'estimation de densités par maximum de vraisemblance, proposé par Massart (2007), est utilisé pour déterminer la forme de la pénalité. Ce théorème nécessite le contrôle de l'entropie à crochets des familles de mélanges gaussiens multidimensionnels étudiées. Ce critère dépendant de constantes multiplicatives inconnues, l'heuristique dite "de la pente" est mise en oeuvre pour permettre une utilisation effective de ce critère
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Post-selection inference for transcriptomic data analysis
No full textDans le domaine de la transcriptomique, les avancées technologiques, telles que les puces à ADN et le séquençage à haut-débit, ont permis de quantifier l'expression génique à grande échelle. Ces progrès ont soulevé des défis statistiques, notamment pour l'analyse d'expression différentielle, visant à identifier les gènes différenciant significativement deux populations. Cependant, les procédures classiques d'inférence perdent leurs garanties de contrôle du taux de faux positifs lorsque les biologistes sélectionnent un sous-ensemble de gènes. Les méthodes d'inférence post hoc surmontent cette limitation en garantissant un contrôle sur le nombre de faux positifs, même pour des ensembles de gènes sélectionnés de manière arbitraire. La première contribution de ce manuscrit démontre l'efficacité de ces méthodes pour les données transcriptomiques de deux conditions biologiques, notamment grâce à l'introduction d'un algorithme de calcul des bornes post hoc à complexité linéaire, adapté à la grande dimension des données. Une application interactive a également été développée, facilitant la sélection et l'évaluation simultanée des bornes post hoc pour des ensembles de gènes d'intérêt. Ces contributions sont présentées dans la première partie du manuscrit. L'évolution technologique vers le séquençage en cellule unique a soulevé de nouvelles questions, notamment l'identification des gènes dont l'expression se distingue d'un groupe cellulaire à un (des) autre(s). Cette problématique est complexe car les groupes cellulaires doivent d'abord être estimés par une méthode de clustering, avant d'effectuer un test comparatif, menant ainsi à une analyse circulaire. Dans la seconde partie de ce manuscrit, nous présentons une revue des méthodes d'inférence post-clustering résolvant ce problème ainsi qu'une comparaison numérique des approches multivariées et marginales de comparaison de classes. Enfin, nous explorons comment l'utilisation des modèles de mélange dans l'étape de clustering peut être exploitée dans les tests post-clustering, et nous discutons de perspectives pour l'application de ces tests aux données transcriptomiques.In the field of transcriptomics, technological advances, such as microarrays and high-throughput sequencing, have enabled large-scale quantification of gene expression. These advances have raised statistical challenges, particularly in differential expression analysis, which aims to identify genes that significantly differentiate between two populations. However, traditional inference procedures lose their ability to control the false positive rate when biologists select a subset of genes. Post-hoc inference methods address this limitation by providing control over the number of false positives, even for arbitrary gene sets. The first contribution of this manuscript demonstrates the effectiveness of these methods for the differential analysis of transcriptomic data between two biological conditions, notably through the introduction of a linear-time algorithm for computing post-hoc bounds, adapted to the high dimensionality of the data. An interactive application was also developed to facilitate the selection and simultaneous evaluation of post-hoc bounds for sets of genes of interest. These contributions are presented in the first part of the manuscript. The technological evolution towards single-cell sequencing has raised new questions, particularly regarding the identification of genes whose expression distinguishes one cellular group from another. This issue is complex because cell groups must first be estimated using clustering method before performing a comparative test, leading to a circular analysis. In the second part of this manuscript, we present a review of post-clustering inference methods addressing this problem, as well as a numerical comparison of multivariate and marginal approaches for cluster comparison. Finally, we explore how the use of mixture models in the clustering step can be exploited in post-clustering tests, and discuss perspectives for applying these tests to transcriptomic data
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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