328,946 research outputs found
The gap between recognition and the 'compensation business' : the claim against Britain for compensation by Kenya's former Mau Mau fighters
Full text linkDuring the first Kibaki administration (2002-2007), a movement by the former Mau Mau fighters demanded recognition for the role that they had played in the achievement of independence. They began to demand, also, monetary compensation for past injustices. Why had it taken over 40 years (from independence in 1963) for the former Mau Mau fighters to initiate this movement? What can be observed as the outcome of their movement? To answer these questions, three different historical currents need to be taken into account. These were, respectively, changing trends in the government of Kenya, progress in historical research into the actual circumstances of colonial control, and a realization, based on mounting experience, that launching a legal action against Britain could turn out to be a lucrative initiative. This paper concludes that, regardless of the actual purpose of the legal case, neither of their objectives was certain to be achieved. Two inescapable realities remain: the doubts cast on the reputation of the government by its decision to lift the Mau Mau‟s outlaw status – a decision that was widely seen as a latter-day example of the „Kikuyu favouritism‟ policy followed by the first Kibaki administration – and the popular interpretation of the involvement of Leigh Day, well known in Kenya ever since the unexploded bombs case for its success in obtaining substantial compensation payments, as a vehicle for squeezing large amounts of money from the British government for the benefit of the Kikuyu people.Kenya, Great Britain, Independence movements, Guerrillas, Colonies, Ethnic problem, Compensation, Ethnicity, Kibaki, Colonization, Kikuyu, Mau Mau
Buijtenhuijs (Robert) : Essays on Mau Mau. Contributions to Mau Mau historiography
No full textPrunier Gérard. Buijtenhuijs (Robert) : Essays on Mau Mau. Contributions to Mau Mau historiography. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 74, n°276, 3e trimestre 1987. Economie et société des Caraïbes XVII-XIXe s. (2e Partie) pp. 391-393
Methane concentration and aerobic methane oxidation rate measured during RV Sonne cruise SO266 offshore SW Taiwan
No full textMethane concentrations of discrete water samples were analyzed using the batch mode of a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (GGA, Los Gatos Research) following the procedure described by Geprägs (2016). Methane oxidation rate (MOx) measurements were implemented as described by Bussmann et al. (2015) and Mau et al. (2013).
Bussmann, I., Matousu, A., Osudar, R., and Mau, S. (2015). Assessment of the radio 3H-CH4 tracer technique to measure aerobic methane oxidation in the water column. Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. 13, 312-327.
Geprägs, P. (2016). Methane environment around cold seeps - examples from Antarctica and the Mediterranean. doctoral thesis, University of Bremen.
Mau, S., Blees, J., Helmke, E., Niemann, H., and Damm, E. (2013). Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). Biogeosciences 10, 6267-6278
Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway)
Full text linkThe bacterially mediated aerobic methane oxidation (MOx) is a key mechanism in controlling methane (CH₄) emissions from the world’s oceans to the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated MOx in the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard) by applying a combination of radio-tracerbased incubation assays (³H-CH₄ and ¹⁴C-CH₄), stable CCH₄ isotope measurements, and molecular tools (16S rRNA gene Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting, pmoA- and mxaF gene analyses). Storfjorden is stratified in the summertime with melt water (MW) in the upper 60m of the water column, Arctic water (ArW) between 60 and 100 m, and brine-enriched shelf water (BSW) down to 140 m. CH₄ concentrations were supersaturated with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium (about 3–4 nM) throughout the water column, increasing from ~20nM at the surface to a maximum of 72nM at 60m and decreasing below. MOx rate measurements at near in situ CH₄ concentrations (here measured with ³H-CH₄ raising the ambient CH₄ pool by >2 nM) showed a similar trend: low rates at the sea surface, increasing to a maximum of ~2.3nMday⁻¹ at 60 m, followed by a decrease in the deeper ArW/BSW. In contrast, rate measurements with ¹⁴C-CH₄ (incubations were spiked with ~450nM of ¹⁴C-CH₄, providing an estimate of the CH₄ oxidation at elevated concentration) showed comparably low turnover rates (>1nMday⁻¹) at 60 m, and peak rates were found in ArW/BSW at ~100m water depth, concomitant with increasing ¹³C values in the residual CH₄ pool. Our results indicate that the MOx community in the surface MW is adapted to relatively low CH₄ concentrations. In contrast, the activity of the deep-water MOx community is relatively low at the ambient, summertime CH₄ concentrations but has the potential to increase rapidly in response to CH⁴ availability. A similar distinction between surface and deepwater MOx is also suggested by our molecular analyses. The DGGE banding patterns of 16S rRNA gene fragments of the surface MW and deep water were clearly different. A DGGE band related to the known type I MOx bacterium Methylosphaera was observed in deep BWS, but absent in surface MW. Furthermore, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplicons of the deep water with the two functional primers sets pmoA and mxaF showed, in contrast to those of the surface MW, additional products besides the expected one of 530 base pairs (bp). Apparently, different MOx communities have developed in the stratified water masses in Storfjorden, which is possibly related to the spatiotemporal variability in CH₄ supply to the distinct water masses
Socio-ecologia della silvicoltura sostenibile nella foresta Mau (Kenya)
Full text linkIl testo vuole contribuire al dibattito sul contrasto alle vulnerabilità ambientali presentando il caso della foresta Mau, una delle zone più critiche del Kenya dal punto di vista socio-ambientale. Una parte rilevante del settore centrale dell’area protetta è da decenni occupato da piantagioni di alberi monospecifiche destinate alla produzione
di legname. Il contributo illustra materialità e narrazioni legate alla silvicoltura sostenibile, mettendo in luce gli elementi fondanti questa socio-ecologia e le criticità rinvenibili nella produzione di tale natura.The text aims to contribute to the debate on combating environmental vulnerabilities by presenting the case of the Mau forest, one of Kenya’s most critical areas from a socio-environmental perspective. A significant part of the central sector of the protected area has for decades been occupied by single-species tree plantations for the production of timber. The contribution illustrates materialities and
narratives related to sustainable forestry, highlighting the founding elements and the challenges of this socio-ecology
Atieno, Odhiambo E. S. & Lonsdale, John (eds). – Mau Mau & Nationhood: Arms, Authority & Narration
Full text linkPourquoi parler des Mau-Mau aujourd’hui ? Le lecteur peu familiarisé avec l’histoire kenyane se posera sans doute cette question. Un élément de réponse se trouve dans la seconde partie du titre que l’on pourrait traduire par « l’invention d’une nation ». L’intérêt de revisiter l’histoire de cette période troublée ne se limite donc pas à l’étude historique minutieuse que présente le recueil dirigé par Odhiambo E. S. Atieno et John Lonsdale. Il s’agit bien d’interroger les péripéties qui entour..
Extremal growth of polynomials
No full textWe give an exposition of some simple but applicable cases of worst-case growth of a polynomial in terms of its uniform norm on a given compact set K ⊂ Cd. Included is a direct verification of the formula for the pluripotential extremal function for a real simplex. Throughout we attempt to make the exposition as accessible to a general (analytic) audience as possible, avoiding wherever possible the finer details of Pluripotential Theory
Mau Maus of the mind: Making Mau Mau and remaking Kenya
No full textAfrican Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 1991?Why was Mau Mau believed to be so evil? The horror story of Britain's empire in the 1950s, it was less of a military threat but thought to be more atrocious than either the Malayan Communists or the Cypriot EOKA. The movement has lived in British memories as a symbol of African savagery, and modern Kenyans are divided by its images, militant nationalism or chauvinist thuggery. This essay explores some of these Mau Maus of the mind
Conflitti socio-ambientali nella foresta Mau (Kenya)
Full text linkL’area protetta della foresta Mau in Kenya è un luogo di conflitti socio-ambientali, in cui gestione della
foresta, rivendicazioni del gruppo indigeno Ogiek e interferenze del potere politico si intrecciano dando luogo a configurazioni
territoriali contraddittorie e portatrici di tensioni. Questo contributo intende illustrare diversi aspetti dei conflitti socio-ambientali,
declinandoli attraverso il concetto di barriere: metodologiche-disciplinari, confini, buffer zones, piantagioni di alberi e
Community Forest Associations.The natural protected area of Mau Forest (Kenya) is characterised by socio-environmental conflicts in
which forest management, indigenous claims by Ogiek tribe and political interferences are strictly connected, leading to contra-
dictions and tensions in the territory. The aim of this paper is to explore different aspects of the socio-environmental conflicts
through the concept of “barriers”: firstly from a methodological and scientific perspective, then related to borders, buffer
zones, tree plantations and Community Forest Associations
Never be silent : publishing & imperialism in Kenya, 1884-1963
Full text linkSocial communications are central to any social struggle. There is a sizable body of literature from other countries on the use of oral medium, newspapers, books and other forms of communications being used as tools for organising against a powerful enemy, as a training ground for cadres and for clarifying and developing revolutionary theory, ideology, organisation and practice. All this ensures a greater unity among those resisting oppression and exploitation. Thus revolutionary and liberation forces of Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China, and in Vietnam had developed theories and practices of revolutionary publishing as part of their revolutionary work. This has also been the case during anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles in Africa, but very little of this has been systematically documented as an aspect of revolutionary communications policy and practice. While the
colonial communications systems have been reasonably well documented, the resistance communication systems remain largely undocumented and ignored. This book is an initial attempt to document this dynamic communications process in Kenya with its external struggles against colonialism and its complex internal struggles with overlaying divisions of race and class, Kenyan and foreign peoples. The main theme emerging from this experience is that people struggling to change their society always find ways of establishing their own system of communicating with the people they lead
and by whom they are led. Their mission of revolution, of change, of peace, of social and economic justice requires that they should never be silent. This was well understood and practised by the liberation forces in Kenya. They
were never silent
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