1,721,046 research outputs found
U.S. PROCESSED FOOD EXPORTS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Get PDFU.S. exports of processed food products and sales by foreign affiliates of U.S. companies in the industry have been growing rapidly. Canada and Mexico are the United States' two major trading partners in the Western Hemisphere, while small quantities of processed food products are exported to a number of other countries in the hemisphere. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), like exports, is also largest in Canada and Mexico, but there is also significant FDI in the processed food industry in South American countries such as Brazil and Argentina. U.S. FDI, measured as sales by foreign affiliates, is significantly greater than U.S. processed food exports. The relationship between FDI and trade is subject to much debate and analysis. An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine the factors affecting U.S. processed food exports and sales by affiliates in eight Western Hemisphere countries, as well as the relationship between exports and FDI. Results suggest that U.S. FDI and exports are complements. U.S. exports are also positively influenced by real GDP in the importing country and are negatively influenced by tariffs. There are also large regional differences in U.S. exports after economic variables are accounted for. U.S. exports are higher to Canada and, to a lesser extent, Mexico and are lower to Brazil and Argentina. U.S. FDI is positively influenced by real GDP in the host country, which indicates that U.S. firms invest in countries with greater market opportunities. FDI is negatively influenced by exchange rate volatility, which indicates that U.S. firms try to avoid unstable economies. Free trade agreements with Canada and Mexico also have significant positive effects on U.S. FDI. Results indicate that taking advantage of lower labor costs is not a motivating factor for U.S. firms, and that the real exchange rate does not have a significant effect on either FDI or exports.processed foods, foreign direct investment, Western Hemisphere, International Relations/Trade,
FORCES RESHAPING WORLD AGRICULTURE
Get PDFThis paper examines many of the forces reshaping world agriculture. Among these forces are increased trade liberalization, agricultural research and development, and new movements in developing countries. Worldwide agricultural production is likely to become more competitive as a result of increased trade liberalization through the World Trade Organization and regional and bilateral free trade agreements. Countries can become more competitive through agricultural research and development. As a result of research and development, total agricultural production has increased significantly across the world over the last several decades. Agricultural research has also led to the development of many new, non-food uses for agricultural products. New movements in developing countries include the substantial increases in agricultural production in Brazil and Argentina, and increases in consumption in China and other countries.globalization, research and development, productivity, biofuels, Brazil, food demand, International Relations/Trade,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD OIL CROPS MARKET
Get PDFThe world of oilseeds, meals, and oils has been evolving. New issues have emerged for researchers and policymakers. The United States is still the largest player, mainly due to its dominant position in soybeans and soybean meals. Nevertheless, the position of the United States has been challenged by several countries. The growth by Brazil and Argentina in the production of soybeans and soybean meal has especially eroded the market share of the United States in recent years. Malaysia and Indonesia have been aggressively marketing their palm oil, intensifying the competition for U.S. soybean oil exports. Other issues include changing trade policies and demand in major importing countries, trade liberalization, and genetically modified crops.oilseeds, soybeans, Brazil, Argentina, trade, Crop Production/Industries,
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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