258 research outputs found
Correction: Corrigendum: Deficits in reinforcement learning but no link to apathy in patients with schizophrenia
No full textScientific Reports 7: Article number: 40352; published online: 10 January 2017; updated: 11 April 2017 In this Article, the affiliation for Matthias Weisbrod is incomplete. The correct affiliation is listed below: Psychiatric Hospital Karlsbad Langensteinbach, Karlsbad, Germany. Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychological Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</jats:p
Violence et culture politique en Allemagne entre les deux guerres
No full textViolence and political culture in interwar Germany, Bernd Weisbrod.
The entire German political culture has since 1918 integrated the acceptation of violence. The author follows the fatal consequences of this failing in the Weimar period, through the action of the Freikorps (Corps francs), then under the Third Reich. The banalization of evil in Germany (H. Arendt) was also a characteristic of the political culture.Weisbrod Bernd. Violence et culture politique en Allemagne entre les deux guerres. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°34, avril-juin 1992. Histoires d'Allemagnes. pp. 113-125
English Struwwelpeter, or, Pretty stories and funny pictures for little children (back cover)
No full textRelief prints;Illustrated with color relief prints.
Classic tales in verse about naughty boys and girls and the fates that befall them when they misbehave.
Printed on the back cover: Printed by Aug. Weisbrod, Frankfurt o. M. Illustration shows older man reading to children.Struwwelpeter was first published in Germany in 1845 under the title "Lustige Geschichten und Drollige Bilder" and was described as "one of the earliest and most successful author-artist picture-books for the very young." It's author, Heinrich Hoffmann, was a German psychiatrist and the superintendent of a "progressive" mental hospital. This book, supposedly intended to be therapeutic, was written for his three-year old son. It was reissued as "Struwwelpeter" in 1847 with added stories and pictures. In 1848 it was translated into English. The priority of the hundreds of editions is often determined by the slovenliness of Peter's features, particularly his hair.Discrimination and bigotry; Cautionary tales; Moral instruction
Right parietotemporal activity predicts sense of agency under uncertain delays of sensory outcomes
Get PDFSense of agency is the experience of control over one's own action and its consequent outcomes. The perceived time between a motor action and its consequent sensory outcomes (e.g., a flash of light) is shorter for a voluntary than involuntary action, a phenomenon known as intentional binding which has been used extensively as an implicit measure of sense of agency. We developed a novel task in which participants had to respond whether a flash appeared immediately or with a delay relative to their voluntary action. We found that under high, but not low, uncertainty about the perceived time between voluntary finger movement and a subsequent flash of light, a prediction signal was generated in the right inferior parietal lobule prior to motor action. This prediction signal was linked to the emergence of a sudden insight solution (colloquially referred to as "Aha!" moment) in the right superior temporal gyrus prior to response. Single-trial event-related potential analysis revealed a reliable correlation between amplitudes of pre-motor and pre-response activities. The results suggest the existence of a predictive mechanism under high uncertainty about the timing of the sensory consequences of a voluntary motor action. The results are in line with the optimal cue integration theory of sense of agency which states that both predictive and postdictive agency cues are crucial for the formation of sense of agency and the weight of each type of cue (predictive or postdictive) depends on their availability and reliability
High contextual sensitivity of metaphorical expressions and gesture blending: A video event-related potential design
Get PDFHuman communication in a natural context implies the dynamic coordination of contextual clues, paralinguistic information and literal as well as figurative language use. In the present study we constructed a paradigm with four types of video clips: literal and metaphorical expressions accompanied by congruent and incongruent gesture actions. Participants were instructed to classify the gesture accompanying the expression as congruent or incongruent pressing two different keys while electrophysiological activity was being recorded. We compared behavioral measures and event related potential (ERP) differences triggered by the gesture stroke onset. Accuracy data showed that incongruent metaphorical expressions were more difficult to classify. Reaction times were modulated by incongruent gestures, by metaphorical expressions and for a gesture–expression interaction. No behavioral differences were found between the literal and metaphorical expressions when gesture was congruent. N400-like and LPC-like (late positive complex)components from metaphorical expressions produced greater negativity. The N400-like modulation of metaphorical expressions showed a greater difference between congruent and incongruent categories over the left anterior region, compared with the literal expressions. More importantly, the literal congruent as well as the metaphorical congruent categories did not show any difference. Accuracy, reaction times and ERPs provide convergent support for a greater contextual sensitivity of the metaphorical expressions.Fil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Toro, Pablo. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Cornejo, Carlos. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Hurquina, Hugo. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Weisbrod, Matthias. Universität Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Schröder, Johannes. Universität Heidelberg; Alemani
Cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new insights from the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies based on muscle responses (motor-evoked potentials) suggested that reduced motor inhibition contributes to hyperactivity, a core symptom of the disease. Here we employed the N100 component of the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation as a novel marker for a direct assessment of cortical inhibitory processes, which has not been examined in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder so far. We further investigated to what extent affected children were able to regulate motor cortical inhibition, and whether effects of age on the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation were compatible with either a delay in brain maturation or a qualitatively different development. N100 amplitude evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation and its age-dependent development were assessed in 20 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 19 healthy control children (8-14 years) by 64-channel electroencephalography. Amplitude and latency of the N100 component were compared at rest, during response preparation in a forewarned motor reaction time task and during movement execution. The amplitude of the N100 component at rest was significantly lower and its latency tended to be shorter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Only in controls, N100 amplitude to transcranial magnetic stimulation was reduced by response preparation. During movement execution, N100 amplitude decreased while motor evoked potential amplitudes showed facilitation, indicating that the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation provides further information on cortical excitability independent of motor evoked potential amplitudes and spinal influences. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed a smaller N100 amplitude reduction during movement execution compared with control children. The N100 amplitude evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation decreased with increasing age in both groups. The N100 reduction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at all ages suggests a qualitative difference rather than delayed development of cortical inhibition in this disease. Findings further suggest that top-down control of motor cortical inhibition is reduced in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We conclude that evoked potentials in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation are a promising new marker of cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood.Riese Foundation of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, German
Increased performance uncertainty in children with ADHD? - Elevated post-imperative negative variation (PINV) over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
No full textBackground: We aimed to investigate the influences of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response evaluation, as reflected by the postimperative negative variation (PINV), a slow event-related potential. Methods: We investigated PINV as an indicator of performance uncertainty in an audio-visual contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm with an interstimulus interval of 3 seconds. A constant, unilateral, quick motor reaction with either the right or the left thumb was required after an auditory forewarned (S1) visual imperative stimulus (S2). We examined 18 ADHD patients (combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtype) aged between 8 and 14 years and an age-, sex and IQ-matched control group of 19 healthy subjects using 64-channel high-density EEG. A first run was recorded drug-free, a second one under methylphenidate (MPH) medication in the ADHD group. Results: We found a significantly increased negativity of the PINV-component over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in ADHD children compared to the healthy control group. PINV amplitude was influenced by movement side, most likely due to the slightly more difficult task when left hand responses were required. After the intake of MPH, PINV amplitudes of ADHD children normalized. Conclusions: We conclude that children with ADHD are likely to be more uncertain about the correctness of their performance and interpret the increased PINV as a hint towards compensatory mechanisms for a deficit in the evaluation of contingencies. Further studies are needed to assess the exact extent to which remainders of eye-movement related potentials contribute to PINV amplitude despite the correction for eye-artifacts
English Struwwelpeter, or, Pretty stories and funny pictures for little children (pp. 10-11)
No full textRelief prints;Illustrated with color relief prints.
Classic tales in verse about naughty boys and girls and the fates that befall them when they misbehave.
This verse depicts "The Story of the Inky Boys" who made fun of a "black-a-moor" and were dipped in ink by the angry Agrippa until they were black as well. This was very innovative thinking for the 1870's.Struwwelpeter was first published in Germany in 1845 under the title "Lustige Geschichten und Drollige Bilder" and was described as "one of the earliest and most successful author-artist picture-books for the very young." It's author, Heinrich Hoffmann, was a German psychiatrist and the superintendent of a "progressive" mental hospital. This book, supposedly intended to be therapeutic, was written for his three-year old son. It was reissued as "Struwwelpeter" in 1847 with added stories and pictures. In 1848 it was translated into English. The priority of the hundreds of editions is often determined by the slovenliness of Peter's features, particularly his hair.Discrimination and bigotry; Cautionary tales; Moral instruction
English Struwwelpeter, or, Pretty stories and funny pictures for little children (p. 15)
No full textRelief prints;Illustrated with color relief prints.
Classic tales in verse about naughty boys and girls and the fates that befall them when they misbehave.
This verse depicts the "Story of Little Suck-a-thumb" who would not stop sucking his thumbs so a tailor chopped them off with giant scissors.Struwwelpeter was first published in Germany in 1845 under the title "Lustige Geschichten und Drollige Bilder" and was described as "one of the earliest and most successful author-artist picture-books for the very young." It's author, Heinrich Hoffmann, was a German psychiatrist and the superintendent of a "progressive" mental hospital. This book, supposedly intended to be therapeutic, was written for his three-year old son. It was reissued as "Struwwelpeter" in 1847 with added stories and pictures. In 1848 it was translated into English. The priority of the hundreds of editions is often determined by the slovenliness of Peter's features, particularly his hair.Discrimination and bigotry; Cautionary tales; Moral instruction
English Struwwelpeter, or, Pretty stories and funny pictures for little children (cover)
No full textRelief prints;Illustrated with color relief prints.
Classic tales in verse about naughty boys and girls and the fates that befall them when they misbehave.
The cover depicts Shock-headed Peter ("Struwwelpeter") who is unpopular because he will not groom himself.Struwwelpeter was first published in Germany in 1845 under the title "Lustige Geschichten und Drollige Bilder" and was described as "one of the earliest and most successful author-artist picture-books for the very young." It's author, Heinrich Hoffmann, was a German psychiatrist and the superintendent of a "progressive" mental hospital. This book, supposedly intended to be therapeutic, was written for his three-year old son. It was reissued as "Struwwelpeter" in 1847 with added stories and pictures. In 1848 it was translated into English. The priority of the hundreds of editions is often determined by the slovenliness of Peter's features, particularly his hair.Discrimination and bigotry; Cautionary tales; Moral instruction
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