1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
JNK signaling regulates oviposition in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
No full textThis study addressed the role of the stress and immune signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the egg laying behaviour of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes that is licensed by mating. The study originated from a microarray analysis of heads of mated or virgin females which identified only a small number (24 genes) of significant expression changes 16 of which were connected to processes linked to wounding and coagulation responses such as melanization which can, in turn be linked to JNK signalling. To explain this gene signature we hypothesised that perhaps mating might increase JNK signalling in the heads of females. Much of the data here are western blots which attempt to document changes in the levels of phospho-JNK in different tissues and following different stimuli. In Figure 1 we document increases in pJNK in the head after mating and use RNAi to deplete JNK pathway components which reduce the number of mated blood fed females who oviposit their eggs. The data shown (Figure 1 d) reflect the number of females in multiple experiments who oviposited eggs by day 4 after mating. In Figure 2 we show that using RNAi to deplete puckered (dsp5) a JNK phosphatase, the levels of pJNK are artificially raised in the heads of virgin females and not strikingly in the reproductive tracts of the same females, and that this is enough to cause oviposition in a fraction of blood-fed virgin females that can be blocked by concomitant depletion of JNK itself, revealing JNK as the dominant target of puckered in driving this phenotype. Again the western blot data document changes in pJNK levels in head or reproductive tract after dspuc injection and the numbers of females ovipositing after differing dsRNA treatments and multiple experiments. In Figure 3 we mimic mating by injecting a steroid hormone 20 hydroxyecdysone (20E), normally transferred to females from the male during mating and previously shown to be sufficient to induce oviposition in blood fed virgin females, and find that this too increases pJNK levels selectively in the head - we saw no consistent effect in the reproductive tract - as well as oviposition in blood fed virgins that is inhibited by JNK pathway depletion. Again data show western blots for pJNK after 20E or control (solvent) injection and number of females ovipositing after differing RNAi treatments.
Supplementary data support the main conclusions of the paper by: (S1) showing tissue and pathway selectivity of pJNK activation in the head after mating; (S2) comparing relative transcript levels of the two JNK genes known in Anopheles JNK1 and JNK3; (S3) effective depletion of JNK pathway components by RNAi including after double injections of dsJNK1 and dspuc; (S4) showing dsJNK1 reduces pJNK levels after mating; (S5) showing no significant effect of JNK pathway depletion on the process of egg development and; (S6) showing the mating-induced up regulation of wounding-related genes could be inhibited by dsJNK
20E-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma underpins egg development in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
No full textThe data set describes investigations using western blotting, immunofluorescence, RNA interference and the injection of pharmacological inhibitors to define the signalling events that underpin egg development in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae following a blood meal. These events are of interest since a better understanding of how mosquitoes develop eggs may offer novel opportunities to intervene to reduce their reproductive output and thus malaria transmission. The data show that blood feeding is associated with a robust and tissue-specific increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in the reproductive tract and specifically in epithelial cells of the developing ovarian follicles. This tyrosine phosphorylation is inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor while also reducing the number of eggs that develop. We go on to show that one of the proteins phosphorylated after blood feeding is phospholipase C gamma and that this phosphorylation is also required for optimal egg development. We further link this phosphorylation event to the ecdysteroid hormone 20E which is produced by the female in response to blood feeding. We show that while 20E is necessary for PLC gamma phosphorylation it is not alone sufficient, suggesting the involvement of other blood feeding regulated factors such as insulin.Finally using both RNAi and pharmacological inhibitors we show that optimal phosphorylation of PLC gamma is dependent on signalling by Src family tyrosine kinases. Depletion or selective inhibition of these kinases reduces both phosphorylation of PLC gamma and the development of eggs. The bulk of the data deposited in this repository represent the original western blot and immunofluorescence images that were used as representative examples in the figures as well as those used to demonstrate the reproducibility of the observations and build the graphs presented
20E-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma underpins egg development in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
No full textThe data set describes investigations using western blotting, immunofluorescence, RNA interference and the injection of pharmacological inhibitors to define the signalling events that underpin egg development in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae following a blood meal. These events are of interest since a better understanding of how mosquitoes develop eggs may offer novel opportunities to intervene to reduce their reproductive output and thus malaria transmission. The data show that blood feeding is associated with a robust and tissue-specific increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in the reproductive tract and specifically in epithelial cells of the developing ovarian follicles. This tyrosine phosphorylation is inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor while also reducing the number of eggs that develop. We go on to show that one of the proteins phosphorylated after blood feeding is phospholipase C gamma and that this phosphorylation is also required for optimal egg development. We further link this phosphorylation event to the ecdysteroid hormone 20E which is produced by the female in response to blood feeding. We show that while 20E is necessary for PLC gamma phosphorylation it is not alone sufficient, suggesting the involvement of other blood feeding regulated factors such as insulin.Finally using both RNAi and pharmacological inhibitors we show that optimal phosphorylation of PLC gamma is dependent on signalling by Src family tyrosine kinases. Depletion or selective inhibition of these kinases reduces both phosphorylation of PLC gamma and the development of eggs. The bulk of the data deposited in this repository represent the original western blot and immunofluorescence images that were used as representative examples in the figures as well as those used to demonstrate the reproducibility of the observations and build the graphs presented
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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