1,720,954 research outputs found
FAD8, lip and osmotin are cold-acclimation genes in Olea europaea L.
No full textOlive tree is an evergreen species of economic value lacking winter dormancy and showing low tolerance to
frost. This low tolerance limits its cultivation in cold regions, where, by contrast, oil quality is improved by
an enrichment in unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids, produced by the
activity of specific fatty acid desaturases (FADs). Cold-resistant genotypes have been empirically selected
from centuries however the genetic network controlling cold-tolerance in olive tree is still unknown.
Transient changes in cytosolic calcium are involved in sensing the cold stress and in activating cold
acclimation in numerous plants, including olive tree (1-2). A role for the PR-5 protein Osmotin (OeOSM) in
olive tree cold acclimation has been suggested, possibly as transfer protein to the cell wall of cutinsomes,
containing unsaturated fatty acid-derived compounds (3, 4). The expression of genes coding for specific
FADs, i.e. OeFAD2.2 and OeFAD7, necessary for C18:2 and C18:3 production, respectively, has been
demonstrated to be positively related to olive tree drupe cold-response. However, the expression of both
genes normally occurs during oil biogenesis, and increases under cold-stress independently of the
acclimation capabilities of the genotypes, suggesting that these genes are unrelated with cold acclimation (2).
By contrast, in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants, FAD8, isoform of FAD7, is specifically activated by
cold (5). Moreover, FAD8 expression in maize is activated concomitantly with the beta-Zip LIP transcription
factor mlip19 (6), and members of LIP19-family are activated by calcium transients (7). The research aim
was to identify transcripts of an OeLIP gene in leaves and drupes of two genotypes, one incapable and the
other capable of cold acclimation, by cold-stresses applied before, during and after the possible
natural/artificial acquisition of cold acclimation, investigating, in parallel, the changes in OeOSM and
OeFAD8 expression, the immuno-localization of OeOSM, and by detecting the levels of C18:3-compounds
deriving by OeFAD8 activity. Preliminarly, leaves and drupes belonging to cv. Moraiolo and cv. Canino
were exposed to cold shocks of different duration and intensity at the same developmental stages, and the
cold response evaluated in their protoplasts in terms of presence/absence of cytosolic calcium transients, for
determining their differences in cold acclimation under all cold conditions. Both genotypes were cold
sensitive at the beginning of the oil biogenesis in the drupe (WAF 10), however Canino was able to acquire
artificial acclimation at this WAF. Only cv. Moraiolo showed calcium rises, i.e. remained cold-sensitive at
the end of oil biogenesis (WAF 19) in leaves and drupes, and continued to be sensitive even in full winter
(WAF 26), showing its total inability to cold acclimate, differently from the other genotype.
An OeLIP gene was isolated and characterized, and its changes monitored by q-PCR in both leaves and
drupes under the same cold-shocks applied for monitoring cytosolic calcium changes. OeLIP was activated
by cold-induced calcium signalling. Its expression increased with cold, but became stable only in Canino.
OeFAD8 transcription was also induced by calcium signalling, and changed in parallel with that of OeLIP.
The production of C18:3, and related compounds, by OeFAD8 activity, increased in Canino in concomitance
with acclimation. Also OeOSM was activated by calcium signalling, and its transcripts were high and stable
during acclimation acquisition and maintenance by Canino drupes and leaves. Moreover, both organs
showed increased cutinisation of the outer cell walls of epicarp and adaxial epidermis, respectively, with this
event strongly increasing in Canino, and positively coupling with an increased immunolocalization of
OeOSM in the cuticle. All together, results demonstrate that OeFAD8, OeLIP and OeOSM jointly control
cold-acclimation in Olea europaea drupes and leaves
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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