1,720,987 research outputs found
Data-driven insights into jet turbulence: Explainable AI approaches
No full textIn this study, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are applied to analyze flow fields obtained through particle image velocimetry measurements of an axisymmetric turbulent jet. A convolutional neural network (U-Net) was trained to predict velocity fields at subsequent time steps. Three XAI methods—SHapley Additive explanations (SHAP), Gradient-SHAP, and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM)—were employed to identify the flow field regions relevant for prediction. SHAP requires predefined segmentation of the flow field into relevant regions, while Gradient-SHAP and Grad-CAM avoid this bias by generating gradient-based heatmaps. The results show that the most relevant structures do not necessarily coincide with the regions of maximum vorticity, but rather with those that play a critical role in energy transfer and jet dynamics. Additionally, structures with high turbulent dissipation values are identified as the most significant. Gradient-SHAP and Grad-CAM methods reveal a uniform spatial distribution of relevant regions, emphasizing the contribution of nearly circular structures to turbulent mixing. This study advances the understanding of turbulent dynamics through XAI tools, providing an innovative approach to correlate machine learning models with physical phenomena
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Solution of a mathematical model for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
No full textRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that manifests as a persistent inflammatory synovitis and eventually destroys the joints. The immune system recognizes synovial cells as not self and consequently causes lymphocyte and antibody proliferation that is promoted by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the most significant being tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha. In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis either monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptors are used to neutralize the TNF-alpha bioactivity, such as sTNFR2, Etanercept and Infliximab. In [M. Jit et al. Rheumatology 2005;44:323331] a mathematical model that represents the TNF-alpha dynamics in the inflamed synovial joint within which locally produced TNF-alpha can bind to cell-surface receptors was proposed. It consists of four coupled ordinary differential equations, that were integrated numerically assuming a range of estimates of the key parameters. In this paper we complement the previous work by determining the general solution of those equations for specific conditions on the parameters. Then we characterize the behavior of TNF-alpha in the presence of different inhibitors and also evaluate the inhibitors effectiveness in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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