1,720,968 research outputs found
Intossicazione da Paracetamolo: la casistica del Centro Antiveleni dell’Umberto I Policlinico di Roma
No full textIl paracetamolo, N-acetil-p-aminofenolo, è uno dei farmaci analgesici e antipiretici più utilizzato in età pediatrica e adulta. A dosi terapeutiche è considerato un farmaco sicuro, tuttavia il sovradosaggio può causare severa epatotossicità per la formazione di un metabolita intermedio reattivo (N-acetil-p-benzochinoneimina, NAPQI). L’uso diffuso del paracetamolo ha causato un aumento nella frequenza degli avvelenamenti, a volte con esito letale. I Centri Antiveleni (CAV) sono sempre più coinvolti nella gestione dell’intossicazione da paracetamolo e possono fornire il trattamento antidotico, l’N-acetilcisteina (NAC).
Sono state esaminate 2387 cartelle cliniche relative alle chiamate ricevute dal CAV dell’Umberto I, Policlinico di Roma da giugno 2010 a dicembre 2011. Sono state selezionate le schede che riguardavano le intossicazioni da farmaci e da queste ultime estrapolate quelle in cui il paracetamolo era l’unica o la principale causa di intossicazione.
Il 37% (n=887) delle chiamate pervenute al CAV nel periodo considerato erano dovute a intossicazioni da farmaci, di queste, il 5% (n=41) riconoscevano il paracetamolo come principale o unica causa di intossicazione: in particolare il 5.8% in età pediatrica (≤ 6 anni) e il 3.4% in età adulta (≥ 15 anni). Nel 76% (n=31) dei casi, il paracetamolo costituiva l’unico principio attivo presente nella specialità farmaceutica e nei restanti casi era presente in associazione con codeina, clorfenamina o caffeina. La co-assunzione del paracetamolo con altri farmaci è stata riportata nel 20% (n= 8) dei soggetti, nel 27% (n=11) il tempo trascorso dall’assunzione risultava sconosciuto; nel 46% (n=19) la chiamata era avvenuta entro le 2 ore, nel 20% (n=8) tra le 2 e le 24 ore e nel restante 7% (n=3) da più di 24 ore. Solo 4 soggetti erano sintomatici con presenza di vomito, dolori gastrointestinali o diarrea. Nei soggetti in cui era ritenuto necessario un trattamento, è stato consigliato: il carbone attivo (24 %) dei casi, il NAC (12%), la gastrolusi o la fluidoterapia (10%).
Nel 54% dei soggetti (n=22), il paracetamolo era stato assunto da bambini di età inferiore ai 6 anni (età media: mesi 29.6±18.7 range 5-72); nei casi in cui era nota la dose assunta (n=10), la dose media era di 63 mg/Kg (range 10-200 mg/Kg) e la massima dose riferita di 10 grammi. I due terzi dei soggetti (n=15) avevano assunto il paracetamolo per via orale ed un terzo per via rettale; il luogo dell’intossicazione è risultato essere sempre l’abitazione. La causa dell’intossicazione era dovuta ad errata somministrazione nel 32% dei casi (n=7) e nel restante 68% era un’autosomministrazione accidentale.
Nel 46% dei casi (n=19), il paziente era di età maggiore di 15 anni (età media: anni 36.2±18.7, range 15-85); nella metà dei soggetti la dose assunta era nota ed era in media di 117 mg/Kg (range 60-194 mg/Kg); la massima dose riferita era 12.5 grammi. Tutti i soggetti avevano assunto il paracetamolo per via orale. Tutte le intossicazioni erano avvenute in casa e nel 42% (n=8) dei casi la somministrazione risultava essere volontaria a scopo suicidario.
I nostri dati indicano come le intossicazioni da paracetamolo siano frequenti sia in età pediatrica sia in età adulta. In età pediatrica risalta come in un terzo dei soggetti l’intossicazione fosse causata da un’errata somministrazione sia per singolo sovradosaggio sia per superamento della posologia giornaliera. In età adulta si evidenzia l’elevata percentuale di soggetti che assumono il farmaco a scopo suicidario, dato di particolare rilevanza poiché il paracetamolo è il principale farmaco utilizzato nei tentativi di suicidio nei paesi anglosassoni e negli Stati Uniti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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