977 research outputs found
Evidence for an association between alcohol intake and an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
No full textEffetti delle lavorazioni del terreno sugli apparati radicali e la crescita di una coltura di mais: studio triennale e simulazione a lungo termine nel Bacino scolante nella laguna di Venezia
No full textThe work regards the effect of tree different land management techniques (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) on some biometric characteristics of a corn culture. This tree year work, done in a farm located in a draining basin of the Venetian lagoon, had the aim to individuate the influences of the different tools and of the different management techniques on the plant growth and if there could be some feedbacks on the production.
The data have been collected during the first two years, while during the third one the surveys continued to have a global and precise view of the effects obtainable with the different techniques. The collected data, for what concerns the plant, regard some soil proprieties (bulk density, humidity) at different depths, biomass, foliar development and root growth. The surveys, when considered suitable, have been done all year round (2005/2006) and especially during tree specific phases, when the plant had 2-3 leafs on, at 7-8 leafs end during blooming so it was possible to compare different years. Even the emerging speed, the seed density and the different productions divided by working techniques were collected.
At the same time all the data collected on the climate, on the soil and on the other cultural operations done were needed to calibrate the simulation model "Salus", that contains a special package on the different working techniques, and that permits to estimate the plant responses, the environmental impacts and the soil evolution at each climatic change. The results of the model, first of all used to calibrate the model itself, have been then used to evaluate the answers in a long term (15 years) of the tree different working techniques on the production, on the Carbon heap and on some soil characteristics
Achaeta etrusca Rota 1995
No full textAchaeta etrusca Rota, 1995 (Figure 4) Achaeta etrusca Rota, 1995, pp. 197–198, figure 8A–C. Achaeta etrusca, Rota et al. 2013, table 1 and figure 3 (species ‘s5’); Rota et al. 2014, tables 1, 2 and Suppl. 1. Material examined Type material. MCZR Oligochaeta 0049–0050, Holotype and one paratype from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-3), Rovine di Castelvecchio (43.4320°N, 11.0052°E, 400 m asl), about 4 km Ν of Castel S. Gimignano, 8 km SW of San Gimignano (Siena). Oak wood on limestone, pH 7.1–7.3, 23.05.1994, E. Rota coll. New material (in the author’ s collection). About 150 specimens from Italy, Campania (Ca-2), plots N1 – N3, 13.05.2009 and 26.10.2009. Nine specimens from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-4), 8– 16.06.2004. Seven specimens from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-5), 24.04.2009 and 05.11.2009. Augmented diagnosis Live body length 2.0– 3.5 mm, width 0.15–0.21 mm at XII. Segments 21–24. Paired knob-like cutaneous gland structures dorsolateral in II– VI (Figure 4A). Clitellum laterodorsally made of hyaline cells irregularly scattered among granular cells, with a narrow middorsal interruption (25 μm); ventrolaterally only granular cells occur; clitellum absent midventrally (gap as wide as the distance between male pores, 64 μm). Secondary pharyngeal glands in V and VI. Pronounced oesophageal loops in IV and VII, visible both in vivo (Figure 4B, C) and in fixed material. Dorsal blood vessel originating in VII and entering directly into VI, i.e. bypassing the oesophageal loop of VII. Three pairs of preclitellar nephridia (6/7–8/9). Sperm funnels 48–53 by 27–35 μm. Sperm heads about 15 μm long, tails 25 μm. Penial bulbs in XII, compact, oval, 32 μm long. One egg mature. Remarks The validity of this species has recently been questioned by Graefe (2007), and its synonymization with A. iberica has been proposed (Schmelz and Collado 2010, 2012). The original description (Rota 1995) mentioned ‘inconspicuous lens-shaped epithelial cells observed dorsolaterally from II’. These words have been misinterpreted as if referring to the lentiform gland cells segmentally punctuating the sides of the body of A. iberica at three distinct levels, but the structures of A. etrusca swell inwards, occur as one dorsolateral pair per segment and are limited to segments II–VI (in segment I, more dorsal and bilobed structures occur, probably of a different nature) (Figure 4A). Thus they would rather seem homologous to the ‘dorsolateral epidermal follicles slightly protruding into the body cavity’ characterizing segments I, III–VI in A. antefolliculata Dózsa-Farkas and Boros, 2005. Differences between A. etrusca and the latter include the number of secondary pharyngeal glands (two vs. one pair) and the pairs of preclitellar nephridia (three vs. two). Distribution This species was discovered originally in oak woodland soil on limestone in central Tuscany. The present new records in the outskirts of Siena and in Capodimonte Park, Naples city, confirm its association to evergreen Mediterranean woodland and scrubland on neutral soils. In Capodimonte Park it appeared equally abundant in spring and autumn.Published as part of Rota, Emilia, 2015, Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores, pp. 1987-2020 in Journal of Natural History 49 (33) on pages 1999-2001, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1009514, http://zenodo.org/record/399798
ARIANNA ARISI ROTA (a cura di), Ghislieri450. Un laboratorio d’intelligenze, Torino, Einaudi, 2017
No full textRecensione al volume a cura di Arianna Arisi Rota, Ghislieri450. Un laboratorio d’intelligenze, Torino, Einaudi, 201
Fridericia bargaglii Rota 2015, sp.nov.
No full textFridericia bargaglii sp.nov. (Figures 5–6) Fridericia polychaeta, Rota 1995, p. 215 (partim) Fridericia sp. 3, Rota et al. 2013, tables 1 and figure 3 (species ‘s27’); Rota et al. 2014, tables 1, 2 and Suppl. 1. Type material Holotype. MCZR Oligochaeta 0179, whole-mounted specimen, fully mature. Type locality Italy, Tuscany ( Tu-6 ), Siena city, Orti dei Tolomei (43.3146°N, 11.3324°E, 330 m asl), grass under Laurus nobilis shrubs on yellowish-brown sandy soil, 31.03.2004, E. Rota coll. Paratypes. MCZR Oligochaeta 0180, one whole-mounted submature specimen, from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-8), 01.04.1992. MCZR Oligochaeta 0181, one wholemounted specimen, submature, from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-5), 04.11.1993. SMNH- Types 8723–8724, two whole-mounted specimens, submature, from type locality and date. Other material. Several specimens, whole mounted or fluid preserved, from Italy, Tuscany, loc. Tu-3, Tu-5, Tu-6, Tu-7, Tu-8, Tu-9, Tu-10, in the author’ s collection. Etymology Named for Prof. Roberto Bargagli, for his dedication and achievements in environmental research, and with thankfulness for his enduring friendship and support. Diagnosis Large multisetose species (4÷7 – 6÷2: 4÷7 – 6÷2), clitellar gland cells in indefinite rows, ventrally reduced to a narrow strip behind male pores, extra lobes of pharyngeal glands ventrally in VII, nucleated coelomocytes large and pale, peptonephridia multi-branched at two distinct levels, five pairs of preclitellar nephridia, chylus cells in XIII–XV, dorsal blood vessel from XVIII–XX, large seminal vesicle, sperm funnels elongate conical, male slits I-shaped (longitudinal), subneural glands in XIII–XV, spermathecae large, elongate, with two toe-shaped aciliated diverticula and no distinct ectal gland. Description Colour white-yellowish, paler after storage in alcohol. Live body length 17–28 mm, width about 0.67–0.83 mm at XII; dimensions can be large also in fixed specimens: length 25 mm, width 0.55–0.60 mm at V, 0.8 mm at XII. Segment number 56–73, x = 63.5, s = 6.2 (n = 31). Prostomium 1.2 times longer than peristomium, frontally rounded, blunt conical in a lateral view, dorsally depressed in front of head pore, pointing forwards (Figure 5A). Epidermal sensory buds abundant on prostomium, segments I–II and pygidium. Epidermal glands small, dot-shaped, arranged in four complete transverse rows per trunk segment. Clitellum (Figure 5B) slightly elevated (30 μm), interrupted ventrally except immediately behind male openings in XII where a strip of both hyaline and granular cells occurs; both types of gland cells small, 12–18 by 8–12 μm, arranged in indefinite rows, the granular type twice as numerous as the hyaline type. Subneural glands on nerve cord midventral in IV (Figure 5B) and in XIII–XV, located either at the segment equator, or between the ventral chaetal bundles, or in the intersegment. Sometimes also a papilla midventral at 12/13. Head pore at 0/1, oval (50 μm long). Dorsal pores from VII. Spermathecal pores in ‘lateral lines’ at 4/5, surrounded by glandular epidermis. Male pores as I-shaped longitudinal slits, with distinct, asymmetrical, transverse extensions. Chaetae weakly hooked entally, 4÷7 – 6÷2: 4÷7 – 6÷2, but specimens with maximally six chaetae in preclitellar bundles are very frequent. Caudal bundles reducing to two or three chaetae only in last 10 segments. In fixed specimens, ectal tips of chaetae pointing posteriorly in anterior 25 segments, thereafter showing the opposite orientation. Length of chaetae maximal caudally, reaching 120–150 μm. Cuticle thin, less than 2 μm thick throughout. Body wall thick but soft and relatively transparent. No thickened septa. Brain (Figure 5A) oval, with shallow anterior convexity, in vivo 190–204 by 135–146 μm. Peptonephridia ending in VI or VII, each consisting of a stout stem giving off many thin, long, equal-sized, straight branches at two distinct levels, proximally (or at midlength) and terminally (type c sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959) (Figure 6D). Pharyngeal glands four pairs, three of which partly merging dorsally at 4/5–6/7, plus extra lobes ventral in VII (Figure 6A). Five pairs of preclitellar nephridia (6/7–10/11), with efferent ducts arising antero- to midventrally from postseptal. Coelomocytes: nucleated cells in vivo opaque when accumulated, filled with fine pale granules, up to 50–60 μm long, with very small nucleus; anucleate corpuscles small, 5–10 μm long. The worms discharge abundant coelomic fluid that coagulates at fixation. Chloragogen cells from V. Chylus cells in XIII–XV or XIII–1/2XVI. Ventral intestinal ridge not clearly visible. Dorsal vessel most frequently originating in XVIII–XX, with four pairs of thin lateral commissures: two starting from a common root in III, one in IV and one in V. Seminal vesicle occupying 2–3 segments within X–XIII (Figure 5C), forming paired bulgings at both ends. Sperm funnels (Figure 5C) elongate conical, tapering toward vas deferens, each 600–900 μm long and 180–250 μm broad in its proximal one-third (which in vivo appears opaque). Collar distinctly set off, 7 μm high, slightly narrower or as wide as funnel. Heads of spermatozoa about 130 μm long. Vasa deferentia 11 μm thick in vivo. Each penial bulb 150–170 μm long (fixed). Up to two eggs mature. Spermathecae (Figure 6A–C) independently communicating with the dorsal side of gut entally at 5/6; ampulla elongate with two stalked diverticula (resembling big toes) apically converging toward the ectal duct. Total width of ampulla and diverticula 204–235 μm. Each diverticulum 83–105 μm wide, ending with a large hemispherical (toe-nail shaped) sperm chamber (Figure 6B, C). Inner wall of ampulla pimpled throughout. Inner wall of diverticula not ciliated. Sperm mass not rotating inside the diverticula. Ectal duct 500–550 μm long (1.5–2 times the ampulla) and only 25–30 μm thick in vivo; duct canal straight, of uniform width (2.5 μm); duct projecting into ampulla as a broad bulb lined by tall cells. Some small, indistinct gland cells at spermathecal ectal pores. Remarks This species has been earlier (Rota 1995) confounded under the name of F. polychaeta Bretscher augm. Southern (1907). After the improved characterization and recognition of the latter taxon as a new distinct species, F. healyae, by Schmelz (2003), and following personal observations on Swedish material of F. healyae (see Erséus et al. 2005), I was able to separate the Italian material compiled in Rota (1995) into specimens belonging to F. healyae (sample from site Tuscany 17) and specimens belonging to the present new species (all remaining Tuscan samples). In F. healyae the clitellum is girdle-shaped and the gland cells are arranged to form an irregular honeycomb tiling, with a ratio between hyaline and granular cells of 1:4 (pers. obs.). In F. bargaglii sp. nov. the two types of cells occur with a ratio of about 1:2 and the clitellum is nearly absent ventrally. Other important differences from F. healyae are the two-level branching of peptonephridia, the always welldeveloped seminal vesicle, the extra pair of pharyngeal glands in VII, the many subneural glands and the absence of inner ciliation in the spermathecal diverticula. F. bargaglii sp. nov. differs from F. polychaeta Bretscher, 1900 as originally defined (whether or not one accepts the latter as a valid taxon), by its brain shape, the number of pharyngeal glands, the origin of the dorsal vessel, and the habitat (unlike F. bargaglii sp. nov., both F. healyae and F. polychaeta appear to be associated with wet soils). Distribution Apparently endemic to Tuscany, associated with neutral soils. Recent studies (Rota et al. 2013, 2014) have confirmed the abundance of this species in urban (Villa Patrizia, plots S2 and S3) and suburban (Belcaro) districts in Siena.Published as part of Rota, Emilia, 2015, Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores, pp. 1987-2020 in Journal of Natural History 49 (33) on pages 2001-2005, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1009514, http://zenodo.org/record/399798
The company agreement Takeaway.com: the occupational health and safety profile
No full textThe article focuses on Takeaway.com's collective agreement, signed with the traditional trade unions. In particular, the author addresses the provisions on the health and safety protection of riders.
The author first highlights the legislation on health surveillance and on the intensity of cooperation required from the worker.
The analysis then focuses on the insurance protection that the company offers in the case of death or permanent disability of the worker and in relation to injuries that the rider may cause to third parties or their property.
The aim of the article is to highlight any deviations from the protection discipline provided by Legislative Decree 81/2008
Achaeta giustii Rota 2015, sp. nov.
No full textAchaeta giustii sp. nov. (Figure 3) ‘ Achaeta bohemica (Vejdovský, 1879a) sensu Nielsen and Christ. 1959 ’, Rota 1995, p. 196 (partim). ‘ Achaeta cf. bohemica sensu Nielsen and Christ. 1959 ’, Rota et al. 2013, table 1 (species ‘s2’); Rota et al. 2014, tables 1, 2 and Suppl. 1 (partim). Type material Holotype. MCZR Oligochaeta 0176, whole-mounted specimen, fully mature. Type locality Italy, Tuscany (Tu-1), La Verna (Arezzo), centuries-old Abies alba and beech forest with young maple, Helleborus and Viola on bryozoal limestone (43.7065°N, 11.9319° E, 1120 m asl). Brown sandy humus and wood litter under rotten logs, moist, pH 5.9, 02.05.1996, E. Rota coll. Paratypes. MCZR Oligochaeta 0177–0178, two whole-mounted specimens from Italy, Latium (La-1), 22.05.1994. SMNH-Types 8721–8722, two whole-mounted specimens from Italy, Latium (La-2), 25.03.1992. Other material. One whole-mounted specimen from Italy, Tuscany (Tu-2), 29.10.1993. One alcohol-preserved specimen from Italy, Campania (Ca-1), 14.05.2009, in the author’ s collection. Etymology The new species is named for Prof. Folco Giusti, outstanding malacologist and dedicated zoogeographer, for his contributions to the knowledge of Mediterranean endemism. Diagnosis Medium-sized species, with large flask-shaped glands occurring dorsally from II to tail, including XII; clitellum over XII–1/2XIII, absent middorsally, hyaline and granular gland cells forming dorsolaterally a reticulate pattern; male pores in XII, penial bulbs compact, preclitellar nephridia two pairs at 6/7–7/8, spermathecae opening ventrally, ampullae reaching VII–IX. Description Live body length 6–8 mm, width 0.28–0.36 mm at XII; after fixation, length 4.2–5.8 mm, width 0.23–0.30 mm at XII. Segments 28–37. Large flask-shaped glands dorsally paired from II to tail, including XII (Figure 3A, F), absent ventrally; in vivo measured length throughout up to 120 μm, fixed 85–100 μm, glands smaller (50–75 μm) in II; dorsal distance between left and right glands 100–120 μm (fixed). Knob-like glands and lentiform glands absent. Clitellum in XII–1/2 XIII, dorsally interrupted (gap 90 μm wide), elsewhere continuous; dorsolateral sides made of polygonal granular and not much larger hyaline cells forming a reticulate pattern; dorsal edge consisting of granular cells (Figure 3C); only granular cells ventrally (Figure 3E, F); thickness of clitellum at midpoint 16–32 μm (fixed). Head pore on prostomium. Spermathecal pores ventral at 4/5, 65–70 μm (fix) distant from one another. Male pores in XII, 50–70 μm apart, somewhat closer than spermathecal pores. Cuticle at least 2.5 μm thick, in places reaching 6.0 μm, larger dorsally than ventrally. Brain about 150 μm long in vivo, 125–135 μm when fixed. Oesophageal outer ridge dorsal on III–V, inconspicuous. Pharyngeal glands three primary pairs at 4/5–6/7, each merging dorsally, no secondary lobes (Figure 3B). Two pairs of preclitellar nephridia at 6/7–7/8 constricted by septum, without swollen terminal vesicle; nephridia generally absent from first five postclitellar segments. Coelomocytes of various size, with grooved but not granular cytoplasm, roundish, often with one to five marginal prominences, brownish when accumulated. Gut linear, without loops. Oesophagus gradually expanding into intestine at 7/8. Intestinal inner ridge extending over three segments between XVIII–XXIII (ventral intestinal ridge). Chloragogenous cells filled with fine granules. Dorsal blood vessel arising in VII (Figure 3B). Seminal vesicle absent or small. Sperm funnels elongate equal to or shorter than body width, broadest point slightly below collar, length:width 3–4:1 (180–230 by 50–80 μm in vivo), generally bent at midlength; collar distinct, as wide or narrower than funnel (Figure 3H). Spermatozoa 50 μm long, heads 20 μm long. Vasa deferentia long and narrow (8–10 μm), tightly coiled. Penial bulbs small, compact, enclosed in a muscular sheath, 53–64 μm long in fixed worms (Figure 3E, F). One egg mature. Spermathecal ampullae reaching to VII–IX, ectal ducts almost parallel to long body axis in vivo, more contracted on one side (thus bent at an obtuse angle) in fixed specimens (Figure 3G); ectal ducts not tapering towards pore, rather appearing glandular at junction with body wall. Remarks This species belongs to the group of Achaeta with only dorsal flask-shaped glands and spermathecae opening ventrally. While alive it looks similar to ‘ Achaeta bohemica sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 ’, it can be recognized (more easily after fixation) by having a complete series of dorsal flask-shaped glands (i.e. from segment II to tail) and clitellum longer and reticulate, with granular gland cells bordering the dorsal edges (see above). Distribution Apparently endemic to the Mediterranean region, recorded in Italy from Tuscany to Campania.Published as part of Rota, Emilia, 2015, Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores, pp. 1987-2020 in Journal of Natural History 49 (33) on pages 1996-1999, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1009514, http://zenodo.org/record/399798
The influence of playing surface on injury risk in italian elite rugby players
No full textBackground: There is a growing interest in the use of artificial turf surfaces in rugby. In particu- lar, artificial surfaces may be an useful means of increasing participation in the sport by allowing greater usage of a given pitch, especially in re- gions where natural turf pitches are difficult to maintain.
Methods: The incidence of site, nature, cause, and severity of training and match injuries was prospectively recorded in two professional teams (one equipped with World Rugby certified third generation artificial turf and the other with natural grass over the 2014-2015 season).
Results: A total of 23,840 minutes of exposure was displayed for the whole sample, 1,440 min- utes during matches and 22,400 during training sessions.
We recorded 37 (48%) traumatic injuries and 39 (52%) overuse injuries. For traumatic injuries, we
Corresponding author: did not find significant differences in the overall risk injury between grass and artificial turf con- sidering match exposure and training sessions. For overuse injuries, there were significant differ- ences in the overall risk injury between grass and artificial turf considering match exposure (p=0.03) and training sessions (p=0.02).
Conclusion: In elite Italian rugby players, artificial turf seems to be safe in regards to traumatic in- jury while it seems to be a risk factor for overuse injuries
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