54 research outputs found
La politica etno-confessionale zarista nel Regno di Polonia : la questione uniate di Cholm come esempio di nation-building russo (1831-1912)
No full textЦель настоящей работы – проанализировать на примере «Холмского вопроса» русский национализм и политику руссификации, проведенную царской властью на западных окраинах империи в 19-начале 20 вв. Под «Холмским вопросом» подразумевается политика русской власти в 1831-1912 гг., нацеленная на воссоединение с Православной Церковью паствы последней «греко-католической» или «униатской» епархии в Империи в восточных губерниях Царства Польского. «Холмский вопрос» представляет собой интересный пример сложностей и противоречий между центром и периферией империи, неопределенности понятия «русской национальности», ее места и роли в многонациональной империи, а также трудности баланса между светской и церковной (как православной, так католической и греко-католической) властями на протяжении всей имперской истории.Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza rosyjskiego nacjonalizmu i carskiej polityki rusyfikacyjnej w zachodnich kresach imperium, szczególnie na przykładzie „sprawy chełmskiej" w XIX i na początku XX wieku. Chełmszczyzna, znajdująca się w granicach Królestwa Polskiego i zamieszkana głównie przez Rusinów (Ukraińców i Białorusinów) była siedzibą ostatniej diecezji greckokatolickiej (unickiej) w imperium rosyjskim. Rosyjski rząd oraz władze kościelne dążyły do rusyfikacji mieszkańców i „ponownego zjednoczenia‖ unickiej eparchii z prawosławiem. ―Sprawa chełmska‖ stanowi interesujące case study, które umożliwia nam zarysowanie pewnych aspektów w skomplikowanych i wewnętrznie sprzecznych relacjach między centrum i peryferią imperium. Daje również zrozumieć jak niejednoznaczne było samo pojęcie „narodu rosyjskiego", jak widziano jego rolę wśród innych narodów imperium, a wreszcie jak próbowano zachować równowagę między władzą świecką i duchową zarówno Cerkwi prawosławnej jak i Kościołów greckokatolickiego i rzymskokatolickiego.This study aims to provide an analysis of Russian nationalism and of the policies of Russification implemented by the tsarist authorities in the western periphery of Russian empire from the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth. The primary focus will be the "Kholm question" in the Kingdom of Poland, in which Russian civil and ecclesiastical authorities became involved in the Russification of the population. In addition, the Russian state aimed to convert the resident Ukrainian (or, as they were officially called, "Little Russian") and Byelorussian adherents of the last Greek-Catholic eparchy of the empire to Orthodoxy. The Kholm question represents an interesting case study, which enables us to outline certain aspects of the complex and contradictory relationship between the centre and the periphery of the empire, as well as the different and contrasting understandings of the place of Russian nationality and its relationship with the other nationalities. Finally, this study sheds light on the difficult balance between the Russian State and the Orthodox Church, Catholic and Greek-Catholic Churches.Lo studio intende fornire un contributo all'analisi del nazionalismo russo e delle politiche di russificazione promosse dall'autorità zarista nelle periferie occidentali dell'Impero nel corso del XIX-inizio XX secolo con riferimento ad un caso specifico, la russificazione "etno-confessionale" della regione di Chełm/Cholm. Questo territorio, situato nei governatorati orientali del Regno di Polonia e abitato prevalentemente da "piccoli russi" (ucraini) e bielorussi, fu sede dell'ultima diocesi greco-cattolica (uniate) dell'Impero russo. La "questione uniate" di Cholm costituisce un significativo esempio dell'estrema complessità e contraddittorietà delle dinamiche tra il centro e la periferia dell'Impero, dei diversi modi di intendere il ruolo all'interno della cornice imperiale della nazione russa e il suo rapporto con le altre nazionalità, nonché del problematico equilibrio tra il potere civile e le istituzioni religiose: le Chiese ortodossa, greco-cattolica e cattolica romana
Fedeltà a Roma o lealtà all’Impero? La questione uniate nel Regno di Polonia (1831-1863)
No full textMatteo PiccinFealty to Rome or Loyalty to the Empire? The Uniate Question in the Kingdom of Poland (1831-1863)The article describes the policies that the Tsarist authorities pursued towards the Chełm Greek-Catholic eparchy in the Kingdom of Poland between 1831 and 1863. It focuses in particular on a little-known episode: the attempt to suppress the Chełm eparchy implemented during the episcopate of F.F. Szumborski (1828-1851) with the approval of the viceroy of Poland Paskevich and of Tsar Nicholas I. The conversion of the Uniates to the Orthodox Church, successfully achieved in the Western (Lithuanian-Belarusian) provinces of the Tsarist Empire in 1839, was inscribed in the process of assimilation of these territories, which were considered to have belonged to the Russian state and to the Orthodox Church since the age of Kyivan Rus’. These lands had been incorporated into the Empire by the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the second half of the Eighteenth century. The episode described reflects the nationalistic evolution of Imperial policies, but the failure to convert the Chełm Uniates shows that, for reasons of diplomatic balance with the Holy See and the European powers, the Tsar’s government preferred to adopt a policy of compromise, rather than a unilateral resolution of the Uniate question. The Chełm Uniates were not converted to Orthodoxy until after the Polish Uprising of 1863, when a shift towards a broader Russifi cation of the outlying areas of the Empire took place in offi cial policies
„The Land to the Peasants”: the Ideal of the Monastic Life in the Views of the Orthodox Bishop of Kholm Eulogius between Narodnichestvo and Russian Nationalism
No full textThe article aims to analyse the ideological sources and the social and cultural context in which the Orthodox Bishop of Kholm and Lublin Eulogius Georgiyevsky (Eulogius of Paris) grew up and was educated at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Particular attention is paid to his ideal of serving the Russian people and the Orthodox Church between narodnichestvo and the modern Russian Nationalism. Nationalist tendencies developed most often by contact with the Polish‑Catholic identity in the borderlands of the Russian Empire. Eulogius was the main supporter of the creation of the Kholm gubernija (1912), which aimed to support the formation of the Russian‑Orthodox identity of former Uniates from Kholm and Podlasie region.
The author also emphasizes how the further actions of the bishop as a leader of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia reflect in some way the Slavophile ideology which to some extent was at the core of the Russian bishop’s ideal of religious life.MATTEO PICCIN – doktor, ukończył studia magisterskie oraz doktoranckie o profilu slawistycznym na Uniwersytecie Ca’Foscari w Wenecji. Przedmiot jego zainteresowań stanowią zagadnienia polsko‑rosyjskie XIX wieku – początku XX w., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem carskiej polityki etnicznej i wyznaniowej po powstaniu styczniowym oraz na pograniczu polsko‑białorusko-ukraińskim. Pracuje w Instytucie Komunikacji Specjalistycznej i Interkulturowej przy Wydziale Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, gdzie wykłada język i literaturę włoską. Autor publikacji m.in.: Da “Scuola Superiore” a “Università Imperiale di Varsavia”: genesi di un’università russa nel Regno di Polonia (1862‒1869) (2006), Lieux de Mémoire na pograniczu polsko‑ruskim: przypadek ziemi chełmskiej (po 1863 roku) (2020), Sztuka w służbie imperium i narodu: casus bizantyjskich fresków w kaplicy Św. Trójcy na Zamku
Lubelskim w świetle poglądów rosyjskich historyków (XIX – początek XX wieku) (2021).Uniwersytet WarszawskiMorawiec N., Nauczyciel w podróży. Obraz szkolnictwa cerkiewnego w „Drodze mojego życia” arcybiskupa Eulogiusza Georgijewskiego, „Marginalia Historica. Časopis pro dejiny vzdelanosti a kultury” 2017, R. 2.Paprocki H., Gieorgijewski Eulogiusz (Jewłogij), [w:] Encyklopedia katolicka, t. 5, Lublin 1989.Wieczorkiewicz P. P., Biskup Eulogiusz i oderwanie Chełmszczyzny od Królestwa Polskiego, [w:] Historia XIX i XX wieku. Studia i szkice. Prace ofiarowane Henrykowi Jabłońskiemu w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin, red. A. Garlicki, J. R. Szaflik, M. Wojciechowski, Warszawa 1977.Płoński R., Pamiętnik metropolity Eulogiusza jako źródło historyczne, „Echa Przeszłości” 2003, nr 4.Миллер A., «Украинский вопрос» в политике властей и русском общественном мнении (вторая половина XIX в.), Санкт-Петербург 2000.154
Contrattazione bancaria e "dorsale informativa"
No full textLo scritto esamina la disciplina della contrattazione bancaria sotto il profilo degli obblighi informativi posti in capo alla banca dal Testo Unico Bancario e dalle deliberazioni del CICR. Più precisamente, sono esaminate le diverse tutele informative poste a beneficio della clientela nei diversi momenti del suo rapporto con la banca, ossia la fase pubblicitaria, quella delle trattative, quella della contrattazione e quella esecutiva del rapporto
Generation of Oil Droplets in a Non-Newtonian Liquid Using a Microfluidic T-Junction
No full textWe have compared the formation of oil drops in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in a T-junction microfluidic device. As Newtonian fluids, we used aqueous solutions of glycerol, while as non-Newtonian fluids we prepared aqueous solutions of xanthan, a stiff rod-like polysaccharide, which exhibit strong shear-thinning effects. In the squeezing regime, the formation of oil droplets in glycerol solutions is found to scale with the ratio of the dispersed flow rate to the continuous one and with the capillary number associated to the continuous phase. Switching to xanthan solutions does not seem to significantly alter the droplet formation process. Any quantitative difference with respect to the Newtonian liquid can be accounted for by a suitable choice of the capillary number, corresponding to an effective xanthan viscosity that depends on the flow rates. We have deduced ample variations in the viscosity, on the order of 10 and more, during normal operation conditions of the T-junction. This allowed estimating the actual shear rates experienced by the xanthan solutions, which go from tens to hundreds of s^(−1)
Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of palladium allyl complexes bearing benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands
No full textThe synthesis of twelve new palladium allyl complexes bearing benzimidazole-based NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands is reported. All the complexes were characterized by NMR and elemental analysis and, in the case of complex 5c, it was possible to confirm the connectivity by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
The cationic palladium allyl complexes were tested toward 5 different cancer lines, with IC50 values generally lower than cisplatin and similar antiproliferative activity in the two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cis), suggesting a different mechanism of action from classical platinum-based anticancer drugs.
Compounds equipped with a pyridine arm or with the NHC/PTA combination (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) showed a lower cytotoxicity on normal cells with respect to cancer ones.
By comparing the IC50 values of mixed NHC/PTA complexes reported in this work and their trifluoromethyl congeners recently published by our group, it appears evident that they have very similar antiproliferative activity against cancer cells but the absence of the CF3 group significantly decreases the selectivity toward them
Generation of water-in-oil and oil-in-water microdroplets in polyester-toner microfluidic devices
No full textThis paper demonstrates that disposable polyester-toner microfluidic devices are suitable to produce either water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) droplets without using any surface treatment of the microchannels walls. Highly monodisperse W/O and O/W emulsions were generated in T-junction microdevices by simply adding appropriate surfactants to the continuous phase. The dispersion in size of droplets generated at frequencies up to 500 Hz was always less than about 2% over time intervals of a couple of hours
Art in the Service of Empire and Nation: The Case of Byzantine Frescoes of The Holy Trinity Chapel in Lublin Castle Through the Lens of Russian Historians (19th ‒ Early 20th Century)
No full textCelem niniejszego artykułu jest refleksja nad nacjonalizmem rosyjskim – jego znaczeniem i zasięgiem terytorialnym, realnym, a także wyobrażonym – w Królestwie Polskim na przełomie XIX i XX w. Jako case study autor wybrał znamienite bizantyjskie freski z początku XV w., które pokrywają wewnętrzne ściany kaplicy Świętej Trójcy na Zamku Lubelskim w Lublinie. Autor stawia sobie pytanie, czy Lublin, ze względu na obecność fresków szkoły ruskiej, odsłoniętych dopiero na początku XX w., był w rozumieniu rosyjskich nacjonalistów miastem o rodowodzie ruskim (rosyjskim) i miał w takim razie ulec rusyfikacji, której sąsiednia Chełmszczyzna doświadczała od co najmniej 30 lat. Gdzie więc była granica nacjonalizmu rosyjskiego? Lublin leżał na granicy z ziemią chełmską, a odkrycie malowideł mogło spowodować zasadniczą rewizję spojrzenia na to miasto jako miasto polskie.
Znani intelektualiści polscy, a także rosyjscy archeologowie, historycy i badacze starożytności wzięli udział w debacie wokół pochodzenia fresków i ich genezy. I wojna światowa przerwała wszelkie projekty prac konserwatorskich, a wraz z nimi także próby dalszego odsłaniania „rosyjskości” Lublina.The purpose of this article is to reflect on Russian nationalism ‒ its significance and territorial range, real and imagined ‒ in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. As a case study, the author chose the renowned Byzantine frescoes from the early 15th century that cover the inner walls of the chapel of the Holy Trinity in the Lublin Castle. The author considers whether, due to the presence of Ruthenian frescoes, whose uncovering dates back to early 20th century, Russian nationalists understood Lublin as a “Russian” (Ruthenian) city, which would then need to undergo Russification (as had occurred in the neighbouring Chełm region for at least the previous 30 years). Where then was the border of Russian nationalism? Given Lublin’s location on the border with the Chełm land, the discovery of the paintings could have caused a radical reassessment in the perception of the city as Polish.
Well-known Polish intellectuals, as well as Russian archaeologists historians and zealous seekers of antiquities took part in the debate about the origin of the frescoes and their attribution. The First World War interrupted all conservation projects, and with them any further attempt at unearthing Lublin’s “Russiannes”
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