434 research outputs found
A mathematical approach to study combined effects of toxicants in vitro: Evaluation of the Bliss independence criterion and the Loewe additivity model
No full textThe study of interactions among toxicants is of fundamental interest and practical importance in toxicological sciences. However, a final agreement on the definition of agent interaction is lacking, and therefore, particular care should be adopted when using the terms additivity, synergism and antagonism, unless the exact toxicological pathways of the compounds studied are known. Two main different approaches, the Bliss independence criterion and the Loewe additivity model, have been generally used in co-exposure experiments. In some cases, they can present dramatically different results, depending on the slope of the pure dose-response curves of single substances. Here, we consider both models in in vitro experiments, where the dose-response curves can be extrapolated. Advantages and limitations of both approaches are discussed, using several mathematical simulations to better explain them, and applying the Hill function for the dose-response model curve. Overall we conclude that the Loewe additivity model is slightly preferable because of a general higher biological plausibility. However, which model to use must be determined case by case and the evaluation can be aided by experimental approaches, such as the study of multiple biomarkers and asynchronous exposures. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Halving the “Italicum”: The Italian Constitutional Court and the Reform of the Electoral System
No full textA comment to the Decision No. 35/2017, issued on 25 January 2017, by the Italian Constitutional Court, The Court ruled on the Italicum and closed the loop on the institutional reforms promoted by former PM Matteo Renzi
La bella decadenza: Goldoni e Pirandello “in sul calar” degli anni Dieci: tradizione, traduzione e trad-azione
No full textRiferimento/i:
Le baruffe chiozzotte di Carlo Goldoni; regìa di Jurij Ferrini; con Jurij Ferrini, Elena Aimone, Matteo Alì, Lorenzo Bartoli, Christian Di Filippo, Sara Drago, Barbara Mazzi, Raffaele Musella, Rebecca Rossetti, Michele Schiano di Cola, Marcello Spinetta, Angelo Tronca, Beatrice Vecchione; traduzione a cura di Natalino Balasso; scene di Carlo De Marino; costumi di Alessio Rosati; luci Lamberto Pirrone; suono Gian Andrea Francescutti; regista assistente Marco Lorenzi; una produzione Teatro Stabile di Torino – Teatro Nazionale.
Enrico IV di Luigi Pirandello; regìa e adattamento di Carlo Cecchi; con Carlo Cecchi, Angelica Ippolito, Gigio Morra, Roberto Trifirò, Federico Brugnone, Davide Giordano, Dario Iubatti, Matteo Lai, Chiara Mancuso, Remo Stella; scene di Sergio Tramonti; costumi di Nanà Cecchi; luci Camilla Piccioni; assistente alla regìa Dario Iubatti; assistente alle scene Sandra Viktoria Muller; una produzione Marche Teatro
Multiple ligation of the proximal greater saphenous vein in the CHIVA treatment of primary varicose veins
No full textSaphenous femoral disconnection is the key point of most surgical techniques in the treatment of primary varicose vein surgery. The aim of this study is to compare and analyze different techniques for conservative saphenousfemoral ligation or disconnection. These techniques can be to perform mini invasive open surgery and are suitable for implementation of the conservative hemodynamic correction of venous insufficiency (CHIVA) method. The aim was to present the follow-up by retrospective analysis of three different ligation-disconnection techniques of the proximal great saphenous vein (GSV) according to the CHIVA method at the GSV end, i.e. between the very end of the GSV and the first arch tributary, according to the CHIVA method. The first thecnique consisted of a surgical division (crossotomy). The other two consisted of triple superposed ligation with No. 2 non-absorbable braided coated suture without division labeled TSFL (triple saphenous flush ligation) and No. 0 polypropylenene ligation TPL (triple polypropylene ligation). The difference between TSFL and TPL was in the thickness and type of material of the thread, though both were non-absorbable. The follow up of 56 TPL procedures, 61 crossotomy procedures, and 82 TSFL procedures was analysed. The follow-up consisted of checking the sapheno-femoral junction occlusion with Duplex color ultra sound. The incidence rates of neovascularization (new vessels in the ligation or surgical disconnection site with saphenous-femoral reflux during the Valsalva maneuver) were: 4.9% for the crossotomy group, 6.1% for the TSFL group and 37.5% for the TPL group. The data analysed show satisfactory results with both crossotomy and TSFL. Crossotomy has proven to be an effective technique for performing saphenous-femoral disconnection, but TSFL could also be a reliable, safe and low-cost varicose mini-invasive surgery in outpatients. TPL appeared to be less reliable
[New perspectives in biomonitoring of metallic elements: the example of hexavalent chromium]
No full textPlating industry is an important productive sector in all the national territory, because of its contribution to a high number of industrial products and crafts. In the chrome plating sector there is a specific chemical risk due to the exposure to compounds containing hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)]. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been used to study both acute and long term exposure to Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers. Cr-EBC correlates with specific oxidative stress biomarkers. Moreover, both total Cr and its hexavalent fraction can be measured in EBC, which therefore is a promising biological fluid to assess the absorbed dose at the target organ level, the pulmonary reduction kinetics of Cr(VI) and in general its local pneumotoxic effects. EBC collection and analysis could give additional information to the traditional measures performed during biomonitoring
Un altrove prossimo: "La dalmatina" di Carlo Goldoni
No full textL’intervento intende indagare il rapporto tra Venezia e l’altrove nella tragicommedia goldoniana La dalmatina. La pièce
affronta le vicende di Zandira, donna della Dalmazia che, fatta schiava, riesce infine a riconquistare il proprio onore e la propria
libertà. Nell’opera, secondo Anna Scannapieco, Goldoni esprime il suo engagement politico nei termini più programmatici: dietro
l’esaltazione delle virtù dell’eroina dalmata si cela infatti un singolare tributo alla Repubblica di Venezia, in grado di estendere i
propri valori oltre i confini territoriali e di riconoscersi nell’altro da sé. Goldoni priva la pièce degli sfondi naturali, dei paesaggi
e degli ambienti dalmati per mettere in luce la complementarità politica dei due territori: la Dalmazia viene esaltata in quanto
avamposto orientale, alleato militare e nazione fedele alla Serenissima
Unfolding and partial refolding of Apo and Olo 5S monomer of Carcinus Aestuarii hemocyanin
No full textA review on airway biomarkers: exposure, effect and susceptibility
No full textCurrent research in pulmonology requires the use of biomarkers to investigate airway exposure and diseases, for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The traditional approach based on invasive approaches (lung lavages and biopsies) can now be replaced, at least in part, through the use of non invasively collected specimens (sputum and breath), in which biomarkers of exposure, effect and susceptibility can be searched. The discovery of specific lung-related proteins, which can spill over in blood or excreted in urine, further enhanced the spectrum of airway specific biomarkers to be studied. The recent introduction of high-performance 'omic' technologies - genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and the rate at which biomarker candidates are being discovered, will permit the use of a combination of biomarkers for a more precise selection of patient with different outcomes and responses to therapies. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the use of airway biomarkers in the context of research and clinical practice
Dose-Response or Dose-Effect curves in in vitro experiments and their use to study combined effects of neurotoxicants
No full textInteractions among neurotoxicants in in vitro models, where the molecular
mechanisms of toxicity are generally studied, represent today an emerging field
in the experimental neurotoxicology. In this chapter, we define some general
concepts about the optimization of in vitro experiments to assess the
dose/concentration-effect/response relationships and to extrapolate the functions
describing them. After describing the available models to study interactions (the
Bliss independence criterion and the Loewe additivity model), we present a method
to practically apply these models to experimental data. Finally, we provide some
examples of the theory of interactions among neurotoxicants in in vitro models
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